Скачать с ютуб Are broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower the same? The evolution of domesticated cruciferous vegetables в хорошем качестве

Are broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower the same? The evolution of domesticated cruciferous vegetables

Variation and selection at the CAULIFLOWER floral homeotic gene accompanying the evolution of domesticated Brassica oleracea. Purugganan MD, Boyles AL, Suddith JI. Genetics. 2000 Jun;155(2):855-62. doi: 10.1093/genetics/155.2.855. OTHER VIDEOS YOU MIGHT LIKE: • How invasive species beat genetic bottlenecks: The Cuban lizard revolution -    • How invasive species beat genetic bot...   • Free garden fertiliser: symbiosis between legumes and Rhizobium leguminosarum -    • Free garden fertiliser: symbiosis bet...   • Taq polymerase: The workhorse of PCR. Neigh!!! -    • Taq polymerase: The workhorse of PCR....   Imagine you’re walking down the fresh fruits and vegetables section at your local supermarket. You recall your mother’s voice in your mind, “Remember to eat two fruits and five veggies for a healthy, balanced diet!” You look over and grab a variety of vegetables from the display shelf - cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, kale and brussels sprouts. But are the vegetables you selected truly diverse? What if I told you that all you’ve done is pick the same vegetable five times? This video dives into the origins of the herb Brassica oleracea, from its initial growth over 3 million years ago to its refinement and selection by farmers in search of a tasty vegetable. B. oleracea was selected from other brassica species most likely for its ability to survive rough habitats and store a large amount of nutrients. Over time, farmers have developed many B. oleracea subspecies that exhibit a wide range of leaf, root, stem and flower bud characteristics, leading to the variety of plants and vegetables in our supermarkets. This forms the basis of Michael Purugganan’s study in 2000, in which he explores the population genetics of brassica crops to assess how domestication events can act over time to shape variation and give rise to distinct morphologies. After selecting wild cabbage, kale, broccoli and cauliflower for analysis, he discovered that the CAULIFLOWER or CAL gene, and APETALA1 or AP1 gene, play crucial roles in the development of floral meristems. A nonsense mutation in the CAL gene of almost all cauliflower and broccoli subspecies indicates positive selection over time to produce the dense head of partially developed flower structures we all know today. However, Purugganan discovered that the nonsense mutation was also found at moderate frequencies in kale subspecies and in a few wild species, indicating that the BoCAL allele alone is not sufficient to cause a cauliflower phenotype. This key advancement in understanding plant genetics has led the way for further study into the evolution of genes during plant selection, and reveals how farmers can alter the genetic identity of nature’s living products to select the most useful variations for mankind. Creator: Raymond Yu References: Darwin C, Kebler L. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: J. Murray; 1859. Kempin SA, Savidge B, Yanofsky MF. Molecular basis of the cauliflower phenotype in Arabidopsis. Science. 1995;267(5197):522-525. Mandel MA, Gustafson-Brown C, Savidge B, Yanofsky MF. Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA1. Nature. 1992;360(6401):273-277. Purugganan MD, Suddith JI. Molecular population genetics of floral homeotic loci. Departures from the equilibrium-neutral model at the APETALA3 and PISTILLATA genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics. 1999;151(2):839-848. Purugganan MD, Boyles AL, Suddith JI. Variation and selection at the CAULIFLOWER floral homeotic gene accompanying the evolution of domesticated Brassica oleracea. Genetics. 2000;155(2):855-862. Sadik S. Morphology of the curd of cauliflower. Am J Bot. 1962;49(3):290-297. Tsunoda S, Hinata K, Gomez-Campo C. Brassica crops and wild allies: Biology and breeding. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press;1980.