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Narcissism in Freud and Lacan (primary and secondary forms)

Freud uses the notion of narcissism to different types of conceptual work: 1) as a mode of designating homosexual object choice, 2) to designate a stage between auto-eroticism and object love, 3) so as to speak of libidinal investments (as in the 'see-saw' between ego-libido and object-libido). It is also used - as in Abraham's work - as a means of thinking about how, in psychosis, we see the return of libido that had previously been invested in the outside world; once this libido has been withdrawn back into the ego we have a type of secondary narcissism. In Freud's later work (around 1921) we have an opposition between a first objectless, narcissistic state' (characterized by the total absence of a relationship to the world), i.e. a primary narcissism, and type of secondary narcissism associated with the formation of the ego through identification with another person (as Laplanche & Pontalis (1973) tell us). Things are different for Lacan. In Seminar IV he notes that 'narcissistic tension' is to be found in 'a relation between a man and image'. The essential articulation at hand 'is the subject's fascination with the image... This is the last word on the theory of narcissism as such'. Jacques-Alain Miller will eventually proclaim: "[for Lacan] there is not a primary narcissism [in the sense of a total absence of relationship to the world]... the only conceivable narcissism is secondary narcissism, namely that which supposes the ego and its relation to the image" (in his commentary on Lacan's Family Complexes text).