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Plant Microbe interactions in the rhizosphere

The plant roots not only functions as anchor but also plays key role of searching and absorbing nutrients, minerals and water from the soil. The architecture of the entire plant, depends on the ability of root tips to sense signals from its environment and respond by directed growth of the root. The hunt for nutrients is not as simple as it seems…the growing roots faces many threats everytime as it tries to explore a new region in the soil. The soil is actually a battle field comprising of bacteria, fungi and nematodes that lay eggs in within the roots. There are also others like earthworms that feed on the roots and few microbe that feed on these nematodes and worms. Plant secretions through roots also known as Root Exudates majorly governs the type of microbes that may reside around the plant roots. Root exudates are often divided into two classes of compounds; 1. Low-molecular weight (LMW) amino acids, organic acids, sugars, phenolics, other secondary metabolites and 2. High molecular weight (HMW) mucilage (polysaccharides) and proteins. The plant root also detaches the living cells (Border cells) lining the root cap as a part of “front line” defense. The soil around the Root surface can divided into 3 zones, namely rhizoplane, rhizosphere and bulk soil. The rhizoplane is the immediate surface of the root. The rhizosphere is the 1cm soil surrounding the rhizoplane. And the bulk soil is the region which is not influenced by root exudates. The interaction of plant roots and microbes can be either Positive (beneficial) or negative(harmful). In positive interaction the plant gains nutrients, protection from pathogen and boosting of its own immunity while in the negative interaction the root is attacked by pathogen or attacked by nematodes or the plant immune system is superseded etc. How to isolate the microbes from different root zone? Collect bulk soil from unplanted region then harvest plant root and collect rhizospheric soil by gentle washing. For separating the rhizoplane microbes roots are washed vigorously by sonication. This will also release certain endophytic microbes. All these soil suspension are processed for identification and isolation of microbe. Why to study rhizosphere microbe interaction? Studies in this area has led to identification and development commercial products to boost agricultural yields. #References Hirsch, Penny R., and Tim H. Mauchline. "Who's who in the plant root microbiome?." Nature biotechnology 30, no. 10 (2012): 961. Bais, Harsh P., Tiffany L. Weir, Laura G. Perry, Simon Gilroy, and Jorge M. Vivanco. "The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms." Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57 (2006): 233-266. Hawes, Martha C., Uvini Gunawardena, Susan Miyasaka, and Xiaowen Zhao. "The role of root border cells in plant defense." Trends in plant science 5, no. 3 (2000): 128-133. #Music: https://www.bensound.com/ #Root growth video: Temponaut Timelapse:    • Root Growth Timelapse | Soil Cross Se...   #Created by: Ravinayak Patlavath and Dr.Shakuntala Pillai