Скачать с ютуб Life Cycle of HIV | Class 11 | A cellular Life | NBF | FBISE в хорошем качестве

Life Cycle of HIV | Class 11 | A cellular Life | NBF | FBISE

The life cycle of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) consists of the following stages: 1. Attachment: HIV attaches to a host cell (CD4+ T cell) through its envelope protein (gp120) and the host cell's CD4 receptor. 2. Fusion: The virus fuses with the host cell membrane, releasing its genetic material (RNA) into the cell. 3. Reverse Transcription: The viral RNA is converted into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. 4. Integration: The viral DNA is integrated into the host cell's genome through the enzyme integrase. 5. Transcription: The integrated viral DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). 6. Translation: The mRNA is translated into viral proteins (e.g., Gag, Pol, Env). 7. Assembly: New viral particles are assembled using the viral proteins and host cell machinery. 8. Budding: The new viral particles bud from the host cell membrane, acquiring an envelope. 9. Maturation: The viral particles mature and become infectious. 10. Release: The mature viral particles are released from the host cell, infecting other CD4+ T cells. HIV's life cycle is complex, involving multiple stages and interactions with host cell machinery. Understanding this cycle is crucial for developing effective treatments and therapies. Note: Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) targets various stages of the HIV life cycle, suppressing viral replication and managing the infection. #federalboard #biology #fbise #science #onlinelearning #virusresearch #virology #virologist #class11th #class11 #class12