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Nervous System Tumors

This is a summary of the major tumors of the nervous system. I created this presentation with Google Slides. Image were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor. ADDITIONAL TAGS: Medulloblastoma Pilocytic astrocytoma Diffuse astrocytoma Anaplastic astrocytoma Glioblastoma Oligodendrogliomas Ependymomas Meningiomas Neurofibromas Schwannomas By James Heilman, MD - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Embryonal tumor Meningeal tumor Peripheral tumor Astrocytoma Gliomas Medulloblastoma Grade IV malignant tumor Arises from external granular layer in cerebellum Histo: small round blue cells; Homer-Wright rosettes; mitotically active Located in the cerebellum Can drop metastases to seed the CSF Well-circumscribed (non diffuse, solid) By Jensflorian - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Pilocytic astrocytoma Grade I Imaging: Solid nodule with cystic component Common in cerebellum, hypothalamus, and optic nerve Well-circumscribed (non diffuse) Histo: Rosenthal fibers, eosinophilic granular bodies BRAF mutation Tumor in hypthalmic region - By The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology - http://peir2.path.uab.edu/scripts/acd..., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... ROSENTHAL FIBERS - By Marvin 101 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma Diffuse astrocytoma Grade II malignant tumor Diffuse Most common in cerebral hemispheres Histo: hypercellular Molecular: no 1p/19p codeletion Anaplastic astrocytoma Grade III malignant tumor Diffuse Common location is cerebral hemispheres Histo: hypercellular, increased mitotic activity Molecular: no 1p/19p codeletion Glioblastoma Grade IV malignant tumor Diffuse, infiltrative mass Common location is cerebral hemispheres Ring enhancement on imaging; internal necrosis Histo: hypercellular, increased mitotic activity, microvascular proliferation, necrotizing, pseudopalisading Molecular: EGFR, PTEN Ring enhancing- By Christaras A - Created myself from anonymized patient MR, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Hypercellularity - By No machine-readable author provided. KGH assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Oligodendrogliomas Grade II-III malignant tumor Common location is cerebral hemispheres Histo: hypercellular, perinuclear halo (fried-egg appearance), negative for astrocyte marker Molecular: 1p/19q co-deletions Perinuclear halo - By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Ependymomas Grade II-III malignant tumor Common in cerebellum and spinal cord Well-circumscribed (non diffuse) Can drop metastases to seed the CSF Histo: perivascular rosettes, ependymal rosettes Rosettes - By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... meningiomas Grade I benign tumor Tumor of adults, not children More common in females Might respond to hormone growth (progesterone/estrogen receptors) Dural tails; extra-axial location Can invade bone and less-commonly brain Histo: cellular whorls, psammoma bodies (calcium deposits) Whorls - By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Dural tails By Glitzy queen00 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Co..., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Neurofibromas Associated with neurofibromatosis type I Cafe-au-lait spots, lisch nodules in eye Histo: “shredded carrot appearance†of collagen strands Lisch nodules - By Dimitrios Malamos - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Histo - By No machine-readable author provided. KGH assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Schwannomas Can be associated with NF2 Histo: verocay bodies (palisading cells surrounding acellular zone) biphasic neoplasm with Antoni A (hypercellular) and Antoni B (hypocellular) regions Common: Vestibular schwannoma (aka acoustic neuroma) from CN VIII Hearing problems and disequilibrium Medulloblastoma Pilocytic astrocytoma Diffuse astrocytoma Anaplastic astrocytoma Glioblastoma Oligodendrogliomas Ependymomas Meningiomas Neurofibromas Schwannomas Biphasic histo - By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...