Скачать с ютуб Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide and Lipid A found in cell wall of gram negative bacteria в хорошем качестве

Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide and Lipid A found in cell wall of gram negative bacteria

Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is a potent inflammatory agent that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including: 1. Sepsis 2. Endotoxic shock 3. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 4. Chronic kidney disease 5. Cancer LPS is composed of: 1. Lipid A (the toxic component) 2. Core oligosaccharide 3. O-antigen (a polysaccharide chain) LPS acts through various mechanisms, including: 1. Binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) 2. Activation of immune cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils) 3. Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta) 4. Stimulation of oxidative stress and nitric oxide production The effects of LPS can be neutralized by: 1. Antibodies (e.g., anti-LPS antibodies) 2. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) 3. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) 4. Polymyxin B (an antibiotic that binds to LPS) Understanding LPS and its interactions with the host immune system is crucial for the development of effective therapies against Gram-negative bacterial infections and related diseases. #Endotoxin #Lipopolysaccharide