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Understanding and Managing Hop Latent Viroid in Cannabis - Zamir Punja, PhD

Tags: Cannabis Plant Pathogens, Trichomes, HPLVd, Hop Latent Viroid, qPCR Testing, Root Infection, Cannabis Yield, Cannabis Disease Zamir K. Punja, PhD, presents "Understanding and Managing Hop Latent Viroid in Cannabis" at CannMed 23. 0:00 Intro 1:13 Infected vs. Healthy Plants 2:01 What is Hop Latent Viroid? 2:49 What are the symptoms of Hop Latent Viroid? 5:02 Impact of root reduction 7:11 Reduction of Cannabinoids 8:09 Effect of trichome size/volume 8:47 Impact of infection on plant height, stem length, fresh weight, and THC content 10:37 How does Hop Latent Viroid Spread? 15:47 Hop Latent Viroid in final products 16:23 Is Hop Latent Viroid found in male plants? 18:25 Managing Hop Latent Viroid 23:04 Fungal plant diseases and Hop Latent Viroid 24:52 Acknowledgements 25:11 Q&A Hop Latent viroid (HpLVd) has emerged as a widespread and infectious disease of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants that has severe economic impact through reduction in growth of affected plants and reduced cannabinoid production. Surveys conducted in cannabis production regions in North America indicate that up to 50% of production facilities have HpLVd. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the impact of the viroid on growth of different genotypes of cannabis, as well as on trichome development and THC production. Studies on transmission and spread of the viroid were also conducted. Five genotypes showed a reduction of 12-48% in development of inflorescences and a 28-39% reduction in THC production at harvest. There were significant differences in viroid infections in an additional 25 genotypes assessed, suggesting that genetic selection for resistance has potential. Affected genotypes did not show a reduction in trichome density, but rather trichome stalk length and head gland diameter were significantly affected, leading to lower cannabinoid accumulation. The viroid was readily spread through vegetative propagation, and cut surfaces of stems were especially vulnerable to infection. Following introduction of the viroid by artificial inoculation, it was first detected in the root of affected plants (within 2 weeks), and subsequently had spread to young developing leaves followed by older leaves (within 4 weeks). Infection through roots was also observed in hydroponic cultivation. Root sampling provided a highly sensitive and reliable method for HpLVd detection compared to leaves. These findings have implications for an industry struggling to manage Hop Latent viroid. Learn More about CannMed: https://cannmedevents.com/