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The history of biotechnology

Biotechnology is the harnessing of biological systems (e.g. microorganisms) to develop novel goods or procedures - this term was first used by Karl Ereky in 1919. The history begins with zymotechnology (the study of fermentation), where the focus was on brewing techniques of beer which was later expanded to food. Nowadays, biotechnology might be more associated with healthcare applications and this field entered a new era when genetic engineering became possible. With the development of synthetic human insulin (developed late 70's and approved as the first recombinant drug by the FDA in 1982), Lederberg's claims would prove valid, and the biotechnology industry grew rapidly. Since then, there has been a significant rise of recombinant drugs on the market, in addition to antibodies revolutionising healthcare. However, this field remains a topic of debate in today's society, especially considering new developments in cloning, stem cell research, and vaccine production.