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Kalij Pheasant (Male & Female)

Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) is a pheasant found in forests and thickets, especially in the Himalayan foothills, from Pakistan to western Thailand. Males are rather variable depending on the subspecies involved, but all have an at least partially glossy bluish-black plumage, while females are overall brownish. Both sexes have a bare red face and greyish legs (the latter separating it from the red-legged silver pheasant). Wings and vent are blackish-brown and mostly glossless. The tail is glossy blue-black above and black below. The breast is grey to greyish-white, but there are many variations in breast colour according to the race, and extent of white pattern on lower back, rump and tail. On the head, forehead, crown and throat are black, whereas the nape is glossy blue-black. We can see several elongated blue-black feathers, forming a long crest on the hind crown. The face shows bright red to scarlet wattles.The bill is pale grey. The eyes are dark brown. Strong legs and feet are pale brown. We can see a spur at the rear of each tarsus. The female has reddish-brown to dark brown plumage, with whitish-edged feathers giving scalloped appearance. The tail is black with chestnut-brown central rectrices. The flight feathers are brown.The underparts are brown too, with buff to whitish shaft-streaks. On the head, the red wattles are smaller than in male, mostly restricted to the eye area. The crest is shorter and brown.The bill is horn-coloured with greenish tinge. The eyes are orange-brown. Legs and feet are similar to male but she lacks the spurs. The juvenile is dark brown. On the underparts the feathers show white spot at tip, whereas on the upperparts, they have dark subterminal bar and buff edges. The adult plumage is visible at one year old. There are 9 subspecies showing wide variations in male plumage, mainly in breast colour and extent of white pattern on lower back, rump and uppertail-coverts. The Kalij Pheasant is mainly heard at dawn and dusk, uttering loud whistling chuckle or chirrup-like calls. When disturbed, it produces guinea pig-like squeaks and chuckles, a rapid “WHiii WHiiii WHiiii” and a whistling “psee psee psee” when flushed. Like numerous pheasants, the Kalij Pheasant is omnivorous. It feeds on diverse food items such as bamboo seeds, small snakes, termites, figs, forest yams, acorns, ripe fruits and other plant matter. It usually forages in small groups of 10-20 birds, and sometimes in single-sex groups in Bhutan. They scratch the ground with their strong feet and dig with the bill for roots and tubers. They forage along tracks and roads, also in fields, in the early morning and late afternoon. During the breeding season, the male performs the usual courtship displays. It also drums by flapping its half-open wings against its body. During the displays, both lateral and frontal, the plumage pattern is enhanced by spreading wings and tail. The wattles are bright red and inflated and the crest is erect. Calls and other sounds accompany these ritual displays. The Kalij Pheasant is probably sedentary, only performing seasonal movements for food and water. Although well known as mostly terrestrial bird, it can fly if frightened, but it is also a quick runner! It roosts in trees at night. The breeding season varies with the races. The nest-site is in thick undergrowth. The nest is a shallow depression on the ground, often near water. The scrape can be lined with leaves.The female lays 6-9 creamy-white to reddish-buff eggs. Larger clutch is usually produced by more than one female. She incubates alone during 20-22 days, according to the range and the weather. At hatching, the chicks are covered with brown to chestnut down above and whitish below. The male may participate in rearing the chicks once they have left the nest. The mating system could be both monogamy and polygamy. Collected by C R Das from the Bird Hide in Sattal ( Nainital), Uttaranchal, India.