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Supra-hyoid Muscles | Attachment | Nerve Supply |Actions |Relations of Posterior belly of Digastric

The suprahyoid muscles are the digastric, the stylohyoid, the mylohyoid and the geniohyoid. The muscles are in following layers: 1. First layer formed by digastric and stylohyoid. 2. Second layer formed by mylohyoid 3. Third layer formed by geniohyoid and hyoglossus 4. Fourth layer formed by genioglossus Digastric Muscle has two bellies united by an intermediate tendon Origin: Anterior belly - from the digastric fossa of mandible Posterior belly - from the mastoid notch of temporal bone Insertion: both heads meet at the intermediate tendon, which perforates Stylohyoid muscle. Held by the the fibrous pulley to the hyoid bone Nerve Supply: Anterior belly - Nerve to mylohyoid Posterior belly - Facial nerve Action: depression of mandible, when mouth is opened widely or against resistance elevates the hyoid bone RELATIONS OF POSTERIOR BELLY OF DIGASTRIC Superficial 1. Mastoid process with the sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis and the longissimus capitis 2. The stylohyoid. 3. The parotid gland with retromandibular vein. 4. Submandibular salivary gland and lymph nodes. 5. Angle of the mandible with medial pterygoid. Deep 1. Transverse process of the atlas with superior oblique and the rectus capitis lateralis. 2. Internal carotid, external carotid, lingual, facial and occipital arteries 3. Internal jugular vein. 4. Vagus, accessory and hypoglossal cranial nerves 5. The hyoglossus muscle. Upper Border 1. The posterior auricular artery 2. The stylohyoid muscle. Lower Border Lower border is related to occipital artery Stylohyoid Origin: Posterior surface of styloid process Insertion: Junction of the body & greatercornua of hyoid bone Nerve supply: Facial Nerve Action: Pulls the hyoid bone upwards & backwards with other hyoid muscles, it fixes the hyoid bone. Mylohyoid flat, triangular muscle. both side muscles form the floor of mouth cavity Origin: Mylohyoid line of the mandible Insertion: Posterior fibres to the body of hyoid bone Middle & anterior fibres form the median raphe extends between mandible & hyoid bone. Nerve Supply: Nerve to mylohyoid Action: elevates the floor of the mouth during the first stage of deglutition helps in depression of mandible & elevation of hyoid bone RELATIONS OF MYLOHYOID Superficial 1. Anterior belly of the digastric 2. Superficial part of the submandibular salivary gland. 3. Mylohyoid nerve and vessels. 4. Submental branch of the facial artery. Deep 1. Hyoglossus with its superficial relations, namely the styloglossus, the lingual nerve, the submandibular ganglion, the deep part of the submandibular salivary gland, the submandibular duct, the hypoglossal nerve, and the venae comitantes hypoglossi 2. The genioglossus with its superficial relations, namely the sublingual salivary gland, the lingual nerve, submandibular duct, the lingual artery, and the hypoglossal nerve Geniohyoid Origin: from Inferior genial tubercles or mental spines Insertion: into the anterior surface of body of hyoid bone Nerve Supply: C1 through hypoglossal Nerve Action: elevates the hyoid bone depresses the mandible with hyoid bone fixed. Hyoglossus muscle of the tongue Origin: from whole length of greater cornua & lateral part of the body of hyoid bone Insertion: to the sides of the tongue in between styloglossus & inferior longitudinal muscles Nerve supply: Hypoglossal nerve Action: depresses the tongue makes the dorsum convex retracts the protruded tongue RELATIONS OF HYOGLOSSUS Superficial Styloglossus, lingual nerve, submandibular ganglion,deep part of the submandibular gland, submandibular duct, hypoglossal nerve and veins accompanying it. Deep 1. Inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue. 2. Genioglossus. 3. Middle constrictor of the pharynx. 4. Glossopharyngeal nerve. 5. Stylohyoid ligament. 6. Lingual artery. Structures passing deep to posterior border of hyoglossus, from above downwards: 1. Glossopharyngeal nerve. 2. Stylohyoid ligament. 3. Lingual artery ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- My website - https://human-anatomy-lessons.busines... My Blog - https://human-anatomylessons.blogspot... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow me in blogspot - https://human-anatomylessons.blogspot... _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Visit my blogs - https://humananatomyonline.in/ Contact me @ https://t.me/humananatomylessons