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Baby's Development in Month 4 of

📱The Maila Maternity Health Tracker app is now available for iOS! Install the app for weekly videos and articles: https://tinyurl.com/Maila-Maternity-iOS ______ The fourth month of pregnancy covers weeks 14 to 17. Details of the baby's growth and development during each of these weeks appear below. Week 14 At 14 weeks of pregnancy, ultrasonography can more easily distinguish the external sex organs [1]. You may be able to find out the biological sex of your fetus at your next ultrasound appointment if desired. The prostate gland is developing in male fetuses, and the ovaries are moving into position in female fetuses [2]. The fetus can now produce hormones with its functional thyroid gland [2]. Production of red blood cells has decreased in the liver and started in the spleen [1]. The fetus’s neck is more well-defined, and its palate (the roof of the mouth) is forming [1,2]. By the end of this week, ossification (the process of bone replacing skeletal cartilage) is apparent in the skull [1]. Week 15 At 15 weeks of pregnancy, the fetus starts a period of rapid growth. This growth will continue over the next month and occurs mainly in the sensory organs [1,3]. Taste buds form on their tongue, and the ears are almost in place. The fetus has fragile skin that is developing hair follicles. These hair follicles may start creating pigment as your fetus grows hair on its head and eyebrows [2]. The skin is so thin that blood vessels are visible through it. As the fetus’s bones continue to ossify, bone marrow also develops [2]. Muscle development means the fetus may be able to suck its thumb and make a fist [2]. Ultrasound observations at this point in pregnancy show fetuses have developed a preference for their left or right hands [4]. Week 16 At 16 weeks of pregnancy, the fetus’s ears are almost in their final position, and the eyes face forward [1]. Although the eyelids are still fused, the fetus can slowly move its eyes which are now sensitive to light [1,2]. The fetus may start hiccuping. These hiccups help the lungs develop. Besides hiccups, twitchy and uncontrolled movements are a thing of the past. The fetus can now coordinate its limb movements and make facial expressions like squinting or frowning [1,2]. The placenta is almost fully developed, as is the umbilical cord with two arteries and one vein [5]. Toenails start developing [1]. If you are having a girl, her ovaries now contain up to seven million eggs [6]. Between now and birth, her body will reduce the number of eggs by two-thirds [6]. Week 17 At 17 weeks of pregnancy, the fetus begins forming a layer of brown fat known as the adipose layer [2]. This fat will help them gain weight, define their features, and keep warm outside the womb. The fetus receives nutrients and oxygen from the placenta, and the placenta removes fetal waste [5]. In addition, the placenta starts storing nutrients for use later in pregnancy [5]. It also provides an endocrine function, secreting hormones to maintain the pregnancy [5]. The fetus’s coordinated limb movements become stronger to the point where one may start to notice them. Quickening, or feeling the first fetal movements, may occur earlier in people who have been pregnant before. ______ At Maila Health, we’re on a mission to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes and experiences through meaningful innovation in digital health. If you’re pregnant, postpartum, or raising a baby, we’re here to help ensure you get the support and quality health care you deserve. ● Learn more about Maila Health here: https://mailahealth.com/ ● Read about topics related to pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and FemTech on our blog: https://mailahealth.com/blog/ ● Find out how to get in touch with us here: https://mailahealth.com/contact/ ● To hear more from us, subscribe to our YouTube channel! #SecondTrimester #PregnancyJourney #FetalDevelopment #PregnancyMonthByMonth #MailaHealth ______ References: 1. Moore KL, Persaud TVN, Torchia MG. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. 2. Harms R, Wick M, editors. Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy. Boston: Da Capo Press; 2011. 3. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, Johnson E, Poe B, Kruse DH, et al. 28.3 Fetal Development. Anatomy & Physiology. Houston: OpenStax; 2013. 4. Hepper PG, Shahidullah S, White R. Handedness in the human fetus. Neuropsychologia. 1991;29: 1107–1111. 5. Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, Johnson E, Poe B, Kruse DH, et al. 28.2 Embryonic Development. Anatomy & Physiology. Houston: OpenStax; 2013. 6. Conway GS. Premature ovarian failure. Br Med Bull. 2000;56: 643–649. ______ Produced and written by: Samantha Lattof, PhD MSc Medically reviewed by: Ayodeji Olelakan Abere, MD MBA MHA Animation by: SciePro / Pond5 Music from: Envato Elements Narration by: Ava / Wellsaid