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#அப்பர் #திருநாவுக்கரச நாயனார் வரலாறு #Appar #Vaakeesar #Thirunavukkarasa Naayanar Varalaru #Periya Puranam #periya puranam #Nayanar Story in Tamil #Sivan #Shiva #நாயனார் வரலாறு #Kanikrish2021 #kanikrish2021#kanikrish Appar History Part 1 Appar Appar, also referred to as Tirunāvukkarasar (Tamil: திருநாவுக்கரசர்) or Navukkarasar, was a seventh-century Tamil Śaiva poet-saint. Born in a peasant Śaiva family, raised as an orphan by his sister, he lived about 80 years and is generally placed sometime between 570 and 670 CE.[1][2] Appar composed 4,900 devotional hymns to the Hindu god Shiva, out of which 313 have survived and are now canonized as the 4th to 6th volumes of Tirumurai.[3] One of the most prominent of the sixty-three revered Nayanars, he was an older contemporary of Thirugnana Sambandar.[1][4] His images are found and revered in Tamil Shiva temples. His characteristic iconography in temples show him carrying a farmer's small hoe – a gardening tool and weed puller.[1] Names Appar is also known as Tirunāvukkarasar lit. ("King of the Tongue, Lord of Language"). His birth-name was Marulneekkiyar, and was renamed to Tharumasenar while he studied and later served as the head of a Jain monastery. After he returned to Shaivism and began composing devotional hymns to Shiva, he has been historically referred to as Appar (lit. "father"), after the child poet-saint Sambandar lovingly called him Appar.[ Early life Appar (Wooden Image), ASI Museum, Vellore An outline about Appar's life, without specifics, are found in his own hymns that were preserved by an oral tradition. A written collection of his hymns as well as more details are found in texts about four centuries after he died. One of the most studied version is the Sekkizhar's Periya Puranam, the last book of the Tirumurai. There, under Thiruninrasargam and in 428 verses, Sekkizhar presents the legendary life of Appar. Appar was born in late 6th-century, likely between 570 and 596 CE.Some scholars place him a bit later, in early 7th-century. Appar was a Vellala Vaishya by birth.[6][7] His childhood name was Marunikkiyar (Marulneekiar). Orphaned, he was raised by his bit older sister. His sister Thilagavathiar was betrothed to a military commander who died in war. She never married thereafter, devoted herself to Shaivism and to taking care of her little brother. He spent his childhood in Tiruvamur village near Atikai by most accounts. Conversion to Jainism and return to Saivaism Unlike his sister, Appar turned to Jainism. He left home, joined a Jain monastery, where he was renamed Dharmasena (Tarumacenar). He studied Jainism and years later became the head of the Jain monastery in Tiruppatirippuliyur.[8][10] After a while, afflicted by a painful stomach illness, Dharmasena returned home.[11] His sister gave him Tiruneeru (sacred ash) and the five syllable mantra "namaccivaya" (Namah Shivaya). Then they went together to a Shiva temple in Atikai, where he spontaneously composed his first hymn of Tevaram. As he sang the second verse, he was miraculously cured of his stomach illness. Thereafter, he came to be known as Navukkaracar (from Skt: Vagisa, "king of speech") or more popularly just Appar. He had thus left Jainism, and become a devout Shaiva. Appar's hymn are intimately devotional to Shiva, but occasionally include verses where he repents the Jain period of his life.[8] In Tevaram hymn IV.39 and others, he criticizes the Jain monastic practice of not brushing teeth, the lack of body hygiene, their barbaric ascetic practices, the doctrine of pallurai (anekantavada) as self-contradictory relativism, the hypocrisy of running away from the world and work yet begging for food in that same world, and others. Bhakti Appar largely stayed at Atikai with his sister before visiting other Siva temples to sing in praise of Siva. He heard of Thirugnana Sambandar and went to Sirkali to meet him. Thiru GnaanaSambandar respectfully addressed Navukkarasar as Appar (father) and he and Appar travelled together singing hymns. Appar is said to have traveled to about a hundred and twenty-five temples in different cities or villages in Tamil Nadu. He died in Sadhaya Nakshtra in the Tamil month of Chithirai at Tiru Pukalur Siva temple at the age of 81. Appar's Tevaram The Tamil Shaiva tradition believes that Appar extolled Siva in 4,900 hymns (49,000 stanzas). Of these 313 hymns (3130 stanzas) have survived, later compiled in the fourth, fifth and sixth volumes of the Tirumurai, the Tamil poetic canon of Shaiva Siddhanta. "மாசில் வீணையும் மாலை மதியமும் வீசு தென்றலும் வீங்கிள வேனிலும் மூசு வண்டறை பொய்கையும் போன்றதே ஈசன் எந்தை இணையடி நீழலே" ("Mācil vīṇaiyum mālai matiyamum vīcu těņṛalum vīŋkiḷa vēņilum mūcu vaṇţaṛai pǒykaiyum pōņṛatē īcaņ ěntai iṇaiyaţi nīļalē") translating to "My Lord's twin feet are like the blemishless Veena like the full-moon of the evening like the gentle breeze blowing from the South like the young spring like a bee-humming pond "[19]