Скачать с ютуб Plant tissue Culture lecture 4 Edible Vaccine в хорошем качестве

Plant tissue Culture lecture 4 Edible Vaccine

KUHS Questions since 2019 in 4th Semester Nutritional requirements of plant tissue culture ( 5 Marks Feb 2024) Types of plant tissue culture (5 Marks Feb 2024) Tissue culture as source of medicinal compounds (2 Marks Feb 2024) Cryopreservation (2 Marks Feb 2024) a) Write a short note on edible vaccines b) Write a short note on applications of plant tissue culture ( May 2024 10 marks ) Define plant tissue culture and explain in detail about types of culture, nutritional requirements for growth and their maintenance. ( March 2023 10 marks ) Applications of plant tissue culture in Pharmacognosy ( July 2023 5 Marks) Phases of growth in plant tissue culture ( July 2023 2 Marks) Define edible vaccines ( Nov 2022 2 marks ) Explain the various phases of growth in plant tissue culture.( June 2022 5 Marks ) Discuss the various nutritional requirements in plant tissue culture. (Dec 2021 5 Marks ) What is explant. (Dec 2021 2 Marks ) Write the applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. (APRIL 2021 5 Marks) What is plant tissue culture. Mention the types of cultures. Write a note on historical development and application in Pharmacognosy. ( JULY 2019 10 Marks) What are explants. ( JULY 2019 2 Marks) Write applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy.( DEC 2019 5 Marks) Define and classify plant tissue culture. .( DEC 2019 2 Marks) EDIBLE VACCINE- WHY? • Immunization through DNA vaccines is an alternative but is an expensive approach • Edible vaccine gives cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store and socio-culturally readily acceptable vaccines for their delivery systems. • Oral vaccines provide “mucosal immunity” at various sites by secreting antibodies. • Don’t need to worry about re-use, misuse and lack of sterilization. Thus, low risk of infection. Vaccine antigens can be delivered orally by administration of transgenic edible parts which are developed using the methods of molecular biology. The genes of interest can be introduced into plants where they are expressed in the plant tissues including the edible components. This process is known as “transformation” and the genetically modified plants are referred as “transgenic plants.” These genes encode protective vaccine antigens from viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. The vaccine can be delivered by intake of the edible part of the genetically modified plant, or the high-yield production of refined protein for oral delivery EDIBLE VACCINEs are like unit preparations as they are built to contain antigens, however, bear no genes that might change whole pathogens to cause harmful effects to humans METHODS FOR TRANSFORMATION OF DNA/GENE INTO PLANTS 1.Plasmid/vector carrier method 2.Gene gun method 3.Chimeric virus method 4. Electroporation method Plasmid/vector carrier method:- One way of generating EDIBLE VACCINEs depends on the microorganism species to deliver into plant cells the genetic blueprints for an infectious agent or microorganism “antigens” proteins that elicit a targeted immunologic response within the recipient Gene gun method:-The gene containing DNA-coated metal (e.g., gold and tungsten) particles are fired at the plant cells by means of the gene gun. Chimeric virus method:- Plant viruses are genetically modified to carry the desired genes and used to infect their natural hosts such as the edible plants where the cloned genes are expressed to varying degrees in different edible parts of the plant Electroporation method:- The introduction of DNA into cells is done by exposing the cells for a brief period to high voltage electrical pulse that is assumed to induce transient pores within the plasmalemma (a thin layer of tissue that covers surface) Plants used for edible vaccine • Tobacco • Potato • Banana • Tomato • Rice • Lettuce • Soybean • Alfalfa • Carrot • Peanuts • Wheat • corn Banana Bananas are sterile so the genes do not pass from one banana to another which is the main reason why bananas are a good choice for an EDIBLE VACCINE. Rice An EDIBLE VACCINE using genetically altered rice is used in cholera treatment. Cholera vaccine exists but provides short-lived protection and requires refrigeration. Maize Maize plants generate a protein that is used to develop the hepatitis B virus vaccine. It is cheaper and does not need to be refrigerated. A major disadvantage of this vaccine is to be cooked for use which causes degradation of proteins Potato A potato based vaccine used to combat the Norwalk virus (stomach virus), which is spread by contaminated water and food and causes severe abdominal pain and diarrhea. Potato has been also served as a vehicle for diabetes-related proteins, the vaccine against a strain of Escherichia coli, cholera vaccine. Mason et al. were the first persons who conduct the vaccine-based assay produced in potato (Solanum tuberosum) to fight against LT-B stain produced by E. coli in mice