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2 COUNTRIES, 1 TINY ISLAND! SAINT MARTIN, A BRIEF HISTORY!

Two countries on one tiny island. It’s only about 34 square miles but this map dot of a place has a tremendous history that has been created by people from all over the globe such as Indigenous, African, Dutch, French, Spanish, British, Italian, Danish, Portuguese, and even Chinese. Today it is a popular tourist destination but very few visitors know of the big history of this tiny place. In this video, I’ll briefly cover Saint Martin’s story, and show you the gorgeous sights. For such a tiny island, St. Martin’s has an amazing history but I promise to keep this video brief. During the time of the last ice age the sea level was much lower than today and, St. Martin’s, Anguilla, and St. Bart’s were all one land mass consisting of about 1,800 miles. Today they are only about 100 square miles all together. Saint Martin’s pre-colonial name is Oualichi, which means “the island of women”. Indigenous tribes inhabited the island over the centuries, first of which were the Arawaks, and later by the Carib Amerindians. The Caribs conquered the Arawaks and pushed them out but at the time of the first European exploration the island was uninhabited. During Christopher Columbus’ second voyage he supposedly sailed by the island and as was the tradition, named it Saint Martin, for Saint Martin of Tours.Who is Saint Martin? Saint Martin was a fourth century Roman cavalryman in Gaul before he became a priest and eventually the Bishop of Tours. He is most known for taking his sword and cutting his cloak in half to give to a beggar in the middle of winter. He was known as the patron saint of France during the French Third Republic. Part of his skull is on display in the Basilica of Saint Martin, in Tours, France. The first Europeans known to set foot on the island were Dutch sailors that stopped to repair their ship. In 1631 more Dutchmen arrived and claimed the island for the West India Company. They began to build the fort known as Fort Amsterdam. At around the same time settlers from France began to arrive. During this time period, Spain and Holland were engaged in what is known as the Eighty Year War and battles took place in their colonies as well. Just two years after the Dutch built Fort Amsterdam, the Spanish attacked and drove both the Dutch and the French off the island. In 1644, the Director of the West India Company, a man named Peter Stuyvesant rallied up a force of over five hundred men from other Dutch controlled islands and attacked Fort Amsterdam. The Spanish only had around one hundred twenty men but were successful in defending the fort and forced the Dutch to retreat. During the attack the Dutch commander Peter Stuyvesant was struck by a cannonball and his leg had to be amputated. It wasn’t very long before Stuyvesant was given a promotion to Governor of a little community that you may have heard of, New Amsterdam, which eventually became New York City. Under his leadership the protective wall that became Wall Street, and the canal that became Broadway were built. Just a few years after the siege of Fort Amsterdam, the Eighty Years War ended. The Spanish became disinterested in the island and in March of 1644, they simply packed up and sailed away. Within days the Dutch and the French moved back to the island from St. Eustatius and St. Kitts. On 23 March 1648 the Dutch and the French signed the important Partition Agreement, also known as the Treaty of Concordia, on Mont des Accords, otherwise known as Concordia Hill. Over the next few decades the island was full of chaos and it was often raided by the British and pirates. In the early 1700s a Scotsman named John Phillips came to St. Martin, married a Dutch woman and built a plantation. He began to be successful and in 1735, the Dutch West India Company appointed Phillips Commander of St. Martin. Due to British and pirate raids on the French port city Marigot the French built Fort St. Louis in 1766. It stands on a high hill overlooking the port, in cannon in range of the ships that so often raided the storage warehouses down below. Slavery was abolished on the French Side in 1848, and many enslaved people on the Dutch Side simply walked over to the other side of the island and obtained their freedom. The Dutch Side abolished slavery on 1 July 1863 and on that day 1,878 people received their freedom. For safety during World War II, Dutch Princess Juliana stayed at Saint Martin with her children. She arrived just a few months after the new airport was opened and it was named in her honor. The airport is famous for its landings and take offs being right beside a small public beach. The planes come in amazingly close to the people below, and sometimes on takeoffs their jets even blow people into the ocean. Check out our website at: www.familytreenuts.org Contact us at: info‪@familytreenutshistorygenealogy‬ #history #caribbean #saintmartin Join this channel to get access to perks:    / @familytreenutshistorygenealogy