Скачать с ютуб Resolving the Dirac-Sommerfeld Paradox via the Path to Quantum Computers в хорошем качестве

Resolving the Dirac-Sommerfeld Paradox via the Path to Quantum Computers

In 1916 Arnold Sommerfeld (Heisenberg's Ph.D. advisor) derived a relativistic version of the Bohr hydrogen atom (1913): both Newtonian particle models. It correctly accounted for the observed "fine splitting" in hydrogen spectral lines. A decade later, P.A.M. Dirac (1928) derived the first relativistic wavefunction model of the hydrogen atom by incorporating the spin matrices of Pauli (1924)). The Dirac equation also predicted the existence of antimatter (anti-electrons or positrons). This created a paradox: How could Sommerfeld possibly have obtained the correct spectrum without including spin? Surprisingly, this paradox has remained contentious, with most physicists assuming it was just some kind of lucky mistake. Other luminaries, such as Heisenberg and Weinberg, suggested that the resolution might lie in the underlying dynamical symmetries. We take a more contrarian view: that Sommerfeld did not make a mistake so, there is no paradox. Rather, we examine what we call his Über Relativistic approximation. Finally, we show that by slightly adjusting Sommerfeld's ad hoc quantization rules, we arrive at the correct quantum rules that underlie the "infinite parallelism" sought-after in QC.