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Pharmacology

Oral medications Advantages Easy to administer Convenient Economical Safe (overdose usually treatable Self-administration Painless Controlled release possible Most easily absorbed Disadvantages Can cause nausea/vomiting Drugs may be unstable in GI, destroyed by enzymes e.g insulin Erratic absorption for poorly soluble drugs Food can affect absorption Patient needs to be co-operative Drugs subject to first-pass liver metabolism Slow onset of action Insufficient blood levels may be obtained Some are irritant on GI lining e.g. aspirin Problem of absorption in 'shock'