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|| Wetlands || Types of Wetlands || Importance of Wetlands || Threats to wetlands||

A wetland is typically an area of land that is completely saturated with water whether through out the year or only during certain seasons.. The primary factor that distinguish wetland from other landform or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants and adopted to the unique hydric soil. Water in the wetland is either fresh water or brackish or salt water. Wetland are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystem. Wetland can be tidal or non-tidal. Types of wetlands: 1 .Swamp wetland 2.Marsh wet land 3.Bog wetland 4.Fen wetland 5.Mangrove wetland.   Largest wetland in the world: 1 .Pantanal wetland in south America 2.Amazon River Basin in south Africa 3.The western Siberian plain in Russia 4.The Sunderbans in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta in India Importance of Wetlands: 1.Wetlands are the most productive habitat on the planet as they contain high number of plants and animals species including mammals,birds,fishes and invertebrates. 2.Wetlands are best known to prevent flooding. 3.Wetland microbes and plants are part of nutrient cycles for nitrogen and sulphur. 4.Store carbon within their plant communities and soil instead of it to release in atmosphere as carbon dioxide. 5.Many animals that live in other habitat use wetlands for migration or reproduction. 6.Wetlands also clean the water by filtering out sedimentation. 7.Wetlands controls soil erosion. 8.Important role in transport, tourism, cultural and spiritual well being of people.     Threats to Wetlands: 1.Unsustainable development:     over the last 300 years,87% of the world's wetlands have been lost.During this time,thousand hectares of land have been drained to provide land for housing,industry and agriculture. 2. Pollution:     80% of our global wastewater is released into wetlands untreated.Pollution from factories,fertilisers,pesticides all pose seroius threats to wetlands. 3.Climate Change:    Change in rainfall and temperature pose a significant threat to wetlands,causing them dry out.This is just one of the reason that wetlands species like Amphibian,migratory birds and corals are among the first and hardest hit by climate change. 4. Mining 5.Dumping 6. Draining   #Wetlands #Pantanalwetland #Amazonriverbasin #Abdulhai