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The Rise of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia

The country that has camels, money, and entertainment is Saudi Arabia. This country is run by Wahhabis. Three hundred years ago, Wahhabis didn't even exist. How did this sect of Islam called Wahhabism come into being? How did the people of Saudi Arabia get converted into this new sect? We're gonna concentrate on history. Modern day Saudi Arabia doesn't have many natural resources or geographical importance. So no empires tried their best to conquer it. Moreover, the Arabs lead a tribal and nomadic lifestyle. So if any empire tried to conquer it, it would have to fight with hundreds or maybe thousands of tribes separately. That's why Arabs were independent and were never conquered. The Aksum Empire took over parts of the Arabian Peninsula. In 570, its governor Abraha tried to conquer Makka but failed miserably. In the seventh century, Islam appeared in Makka and Madina. Soon it spread through the Arabian Peninsula. The previous map changed dramatically. We should remember that the earliest message of Islam was first introduced among the Arabs. In 661, the Umayyad Dynasty was established. Islam continued to spread around the world. Many new non-Arab nations came under the rule of the Islamic Empire. Islam was a regional religion before this era. After the Umayyads came into power, Islam became a global religion. The Islamic Empire was governed according to Quran and Sunnah. It was sufficient to solve problems based on Quran and Sunnah when it was a regional religion. But after Ummayeds took over the Islamic empire, many non-Arab civilizations came under the rule of the Islamic empire. These civilizations were culturally superior to Arabs. They converted to Islam, but some of their previous religious ideas were still in their hearts. So they incorporated those ideas into Islam. For example, the Byzantines and the Sasanians believed in the holiness of their priests. After most of the Byzantines and the Sasanians converted to Islam, they invented a similar concept of saints in Islam. The northern and central part of the Arabian Peninsula is known as Najd. A man named Sulaiman was born here in a poor and small tribe. In a dream, he saw fire coming out of his body and spreading around the region. Far lands and towns were destroyed by the fire. The dream interpreters predicted that the son of Sulaiman would come up with a theory that Arabs would accept. Al Abd al-Wahab never fulfilled the dream, but his son Muhammad materialized it. Muhammad was born in the year 1703 or 1704 in Uyayna. Muhammad memorized the Quran by heart by the age of ten. He learned how to interpret Quran. He was also a scholar of Hadith. At the age of 12, he got married. After the marriage, he performed Haj. Then he traveled to the nearby regions and wrote a book called the book of monotheism. The book became a hit among the Arabs. Muhammad stood against the treacherous acts of a nearby tribe. The tribe tried to kill him, but he fled luckily. Muhammad traveled to Iraq, Syria, and the towns of Iran. He continued to study on his journey. He observed different forms of Islam in many parts of the Islamic Empire. When Islam was in its earliest state, it was powerful. After Islam incorporated different innovations, it became powerless. Muhammad considered innovations unacceptable even though those innovations were not related to religion. Muhammad formulated his theory, and he was ready to convene. So he returned to Uyayna in 1740 or 1741. He converted the chief of Uyayna to his new doctrine. Muhammad and his followers started to destroy shrines, holy trees, and tombstones. They found a woman in adultery. So Muhammad commanded the people to kill the woman by throwing stones. This incident sparked tension among Uyayna and other tribes. Uyayna depended on al-Hasa economically. The chief and the scholars of al-Hasa became terrified of Muhammad's popularity. So al-Hasa chief asked the Uyayna chief to kill Muhammad. The Uaina chief sent Muhammad on exile. Muhammad understood that he must fight his opposition to establish his doctrine. He settled in al-Diriyah in 1744 or 1745. He got some followers there. The chief of al-Diriyah welcomed Muhammad warmly. Muhammad converted the tribe chief and asked him to lift the tax he imposed on his people. The tribe chief did so. The popularity of Muhammad among the people increased exponentially. Suddenly he got many followers. Muhammad proposed to the tribe chief to raid their nearby tribes as he considered them non-Muslims. The tribe chief understood Muhammad's motive. That's why he lifted the tax imposed on his people. You can earn money from taxing people, but raiding the tribes would give you more. Hundreds of poor nomads started to join Muhammad's army. They started to attack nearby tribes. The rival tribes began to fall and convert. Soon the whole Arabian peninsula converted to this bizarre and new doctrine which would prevail in the next few centuries. ~Thank you for watching the video.