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Actinobacteria

This lecture explains about actinobacteria infection and diseases. http://shomusbiology.com/ Download the study materials here- http://shomusbiology.com/bio-material... Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology- Buy Shomu’s Biology lecture DVD set- www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store Shomu’s Biology assignment services – www.shomusbiology.com/assignment -help Join Online coaching for CSIR NET exam – www.shomusbiology.com/net-coaching We are social. Find us on different sites here- Our Website – www.shomusbiology.com Facebook page-   / shomusbiology   Twitter -   / shomusbiology   SlideShare- www.slideshare.net/shomusbiology Google plus- https://plus.google.com/1136485849827... LinkedIn -   / suman-bhattacharjee-2a051661   Youtube-    / thefunsuman   Thank you for watching This video tutorial explains the characteristics of actinobacteria. Actinobacteria are a group of Gram-positive bacteria. They were all believed to have high guanine and cytosine content in their DNA.[1][2] However, recently it has been shown that several freshwater Actinobacteria actually have low G+C content. [3] The G+C content of freshwater Actinobacteria can be as low as 42%. In view of this, continued use of the epithet high G+C Gram positive organisms to refer to Actinobacteria must now be discontinued. They can be terrestrial or aquatic.[4] Although understood primarily as soil bacteria, they might be more abundant in freshwaters.[5] Actinobacteria is one of the dominant bacterial phyla and contains one of the largest of bacterial genera, Streptomyces.[6] Analysis of glutamine synthetase sequence has been suggested for phylogenetic analysis of Actinobacteria. Actinobacteria include some of the most common soil life, freshwater life, and marine life, playing an important role in the decomposition of organic materials, such as cellulose and chitin, and thereby playing a vital part in organic matter turnover and the carbon cycle. In the soil, this replenishes the supply of nutrients and is an important part of humus formation. Other Actinobacteria inhabit plants and animals, and include a few pathogens, such as Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus. An example of the latter is Rhodococcus equi, an equine pathogen. Actinobacteria are well known as secondary metabolite producers and hence of high pharmacological and commercial interest. In 1942 Selman Waksman discovered that the soil bacteria he was studying made actinomycin, a discovery for which he received a Nobel Prize. Since then, hundreds of other naturally occurring antibiotics have been discovered in these terrestrial microorganisms, especially from the genus Streptomyces. Some Actinobacteria form branching filaments, which somewhat resemble the mycelia of fungi, among which they were originally classified under the older name Actinomycetes. Most members are aerobic, but a few, such as Actinomyces israelii, can grow under anaerobic conditions. Unlike the Firmicutes, the other main group of Gram-positive bacteria, they have DNA with a high GC-content, and some Actinomycetes species produce external spores. Some types of Actinobacteria, the Actinomycetes are responsible for the peculiar odor emanating from the soil after rain (petrichor), mainly in warmer climates. The chemical that produces this odor is known as geosmin.[8] The Actinomycetes are also known to form intracellular inclusions of polyhydroxyalkanoates under certain environmental conditions (e.g. lack of elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, or oxygen combined with an excessive supply of carbon sources). Source of the article published in description is Wikipedia. I am sharing their material. © by original content developers of Wikipedia. Link- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page