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large intestine

The wall of colon exhibits four generel regions: musoca, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. The mucosa consists of epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. The covering epithelium contains one layer of absorptive columnar cells and the mucus-filled goblet cells. The intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn) in lamina propria are deep and straight. The submucosa contains loose connective tisssue with lymph vessels, blood vessels an parasymphathetic ganglia of the submucosal Meissner nerve plexus. The muscularis externa consists of two layers of smooth muscle. The inner circular layer is continous and surrounds the colon wall, whereas the outer longitudinal layer is condensed into three strips, longitudinal bands called taeniae coli. A very thin outer longitudinal muscle layer, which is often discontinous, is found between the taeniae coli. Located between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers is a myenteric (Auerbach) nerve plexus of parasymphathetic ganglia and nerve fibres. The ascending and descending segments of the colon are retroperineal, so they are covered posteriorly by adventitia. Other parts of the colon are invested by an incomplete serosa and suspended by mesentery. The serosa consists of thin layer of connective tissue and is covered by a simple squamous mesothelium of the visceral peritoneum. Stained: hematoxylin-eosin (nuclei of cells are violet, cytoplasm is pink) Author: Mgr. Tereza Blassová, Ph.D. Scaning of the specimen: Mgr. Yaroslav Kolinko, Ph.D.