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Beneficial Insects for Aphids in Cannabis Production

Beneficial Insects for Aphids in Cannabis Production Professor DeBacco Research Article GRAMMENOS, G., KOUNELI, V., MAVROEIDIS, A., ROUSSIS, I., KAKABOUKI, I., TATARIDAS, A., & BILALIS, D. (2021). Beneficial Insects for Biological Pest Control in Greenhouse Cannabis Production. http://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.ph... Insect Challenges in Greenhouse Production In greenhouse cannabis cultivation an insect infestation can be the cause of many losses. Synthetic chemical insecticides have been the go to option, however in medical cannabis cultivation, there are strict legislations and restrictions in pesticides use which is the driving force toward the development of new environmentally friendly and profitable methods for pest control. Greenhouse Study A greenhouse experiment was conducted in the Agriculture University of Athens. Cannabis plants were grown in two different greenhouses. Beneficial insects were released only in one greenhouse (treatment). Νο additional pesticides were used during the cultivation. The cultivar used was Futura 75, a monoeicus variety. Greenhouse temperature and humidity fluctuation were estimated, at about, 13°C and 25% the lowest, while the greatest values were 43°C and 90%, respectively. Beneficial Insect Release Date Three weeks after transplantation, beneficial insects were released in the treatment greenhouse in order to assess the efficacy of biological pest management. Aphids Identified The main aphid pests identified in the greenhouse included… Aphids (Aphis gossypii & Myzus persicae) Basic Measurements Measurements included the visual estimation of infestation, the recording of pest species and populations, and the comparison of infestations between the two greenhouses. Only the nymphs and adult stages of pests were counted (no egg stage). Pest Population Determination The measurements of the pest population were taken in the third, fifth, seventh and ninth week. The number of aphid pests was counted with hand-held digital 1600X microscope in order to quantify the efficiency of beneficial insects. The average pest populations were measured on ten plants (4 leaves per plant) per greenhouse. Aphid Life Cycle Aphid Identification Beneficial Insects that Target Aphids Parasitoids Aphidius matricariae and Aphidius ervi Beneficial Insects that Target Aphids Larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Green lacewings) Aphid Control Application Methods The parasitoid mummies Aphidius matricariae and Aphidius ervi and were spread evenly in Diboxes in the greenhouse. Larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (lacewings) were introduced on the leaves by sprinkling gently the content of the bottle Aphid Numbers Over Time Overall great reduction in aphid numbers with the beneficial insect treatments. While the final numbers may not be zero the population is only ~4.5 per plant when treated with beneficial insects compared to over 300 in control plants. Average Number of Pest Populations Numbers are weeks A continuous reduction of all pest populations was observed throughout the experiment, approaching zero value per plant Not Mentioned in the Study… Lady Beetles These are a common go to for some growers, but be sure to keep these factors in mind… Lady beetles deteriorate rapidly if not handled properly. Keep them refrigerated if they can not be immediately used. Use adequate release rates. Often times repeated application (about a week apart) is needed. Lady beetles need a good supply of aphids. If your population of aphids is low, consider other options. Release lady beetles at dusk or early evening. Avoid heat of the day. Expect lady beetles to fly away in a few days. Up to 95% of lady beetles will fly away within 48 hours with the rest gone after only 4-5 days and they are unlikely to lay eggs on your plants so if aphids return you will have to reintroduce lady beetles. Are Beneficial Insect Worth the Effort? In short… YES! Study results indicate that beneficial insects could control pest populations up to 100%. Pest management with natural enemies is a promising, very effective, safe method for plant protection. Growers Need to Keep In-Mind Proper pest identification is very important since this will determine the exact beneficial insect to be used. This requires frequent scouting. Timing and rate of beneficial additions are important. Link to Lecture Slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vTVy... 420 Magazine Source Content by Slide Title: Title https://www.420magazine.com/community... *Due to the description character limit the full work cited for "Beneficial Insects for Aphids in Cannabis Production" can be viewed at... https://docs.google.com/document/d/1q...