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Connective Tissue Under the Microscope (Development and Structure)

This video is about the Connective Tissue Content: 0:00 Introduction 0:50 Development of Connective Tissue 3:51 Classification of Connective Tissue 6:10 Extracellular Matrix 8:00 Fibroblasts 8:50 Dense Connective Tissue 9:30 Dense Regular Connective Tissue 11:11 What are Collagen Fibers Made Up Of? 12:06 Suffixes of Cells -Blast, -Cyte, -Clast 13:25 Table for Collagen Fiber Types 16:43 Elastic Fibers 17:40 Reticular Fibers 20:22 Ground Substance 21:59 Cells in Connective Tissue 22:15 Macrophage 23:20 Mast Cell 24:22 Plasma Cells 25:30 White Adipocytes 26:48 Brown Adipocyte 27:31 Quiz Yourself Follow my Instagram: @Taimtalksmed ------------------------------- 🫀Join:    / @taimtalksmed   📷 Follow my IG:   / taimtalksmed   💝 Donation link: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/taimtalk... ------------------------------- Development of Connective Tissue (Mesenchyme) Zygote - Blastula - Gastrula Gastrula becomes: Ectoderm- Skin and nervous system Endoderm GI tract, Glands, Respiratory tract Mesoderm Mesenchyme Mesothelium (Membrane of Simple squamous epithelium becomes different body cavities) Mesenchyme is connective tissue, connective tissue derives from the middle germ layer, mesoderm. Mesenchyme: Bone, Cartilage, Tendons, Capsules, Ligaments, Hematopoietic cells Mesenchymal cells (Nuclei, Cell processes, connect and form a network called Syncytium) Mesenchyme is an embryonic tissue You find the mesenchyme under a microscope near the neural tube during development. Classification of Connective Tissue Common origin (Mesenchyme) CT Proper (Loose CT, Dense CT) CT with special properties (Adipose Tissue, Hematopoietic cells (Fluid CT), Elastin, Mucous issue) Supportive CT (Cartilage, Bone) Composition of connective tissue under basement membrane (Cells and extracellular matrix) Extracellular Matrix Consist of: Fibers (Collagen fibers, Elastin fibers, Reticular fibers) Ground Substance Extracellular Fluid Fibroblasts and how to find them: Fibroblast and Reticulocytes Fibrocytes synthesize proteins Myofibroblasts, wound healing Fibroblasts have many forms, different cell processes Dense CT Regular Dense Connective tissue (Tendons) Irregular dense connective tissue (deep layer of dermis) Dense regular connective tissue in tendons: Consist of dense and loose connective tissue Dense: Collagen fibers pressed together, fibroblast pressed together, elongated nuclei, called tendobast Loose: Loose connective tissue with round fibroblast Longitudinal and crossed histology section slide of Tendons have up to 10 orders: 1st order: between two tendoblasts 2nd order: between two loose connective tissue across dense connective tissue Collagen fibers composition: Collagen fiber, Fibril, Microfibril, Tropocollagen Helix Suffixes in connective tissue cells Blast (Fibroblast, Osteoblast, Chondroblast) Cyte (Fibrocyte, Osteocyte, Chondrocyte) Clast (Fibroclast, Osteoclast, Chondroclast) Collagen fibers types: Type 1 collagen: (resistant to tention) Type 2 collagen: (resistant to pressure) Type 3 collagen: (maintenance in organs) Type 4 collagen: (supports basal lamina) Type 5 collagen: (resistant to tension, together with type 1) Type 7 collagen: (connects basal lamina with reticular lamina, together with type 4 collagen) Type 9 collagen: (together with type 2) Type 10 collagen: (support bones, by chondrocytes) Elastic Fibers: Oxytalan: consist of strong fibrillin twines Elaunin fibers: elastin and fibrillin Proper elastic fibers: elastin and fibrillin Reticular fibers: Consist of Type 3 collagen From reticulocyte how to find the reticular fibers in a microscope: Histology slide of lymph node Zoom in to light area, reticulocyte with lymphocyte Reticulocyte (Light nuclei, cell processes, bigger amount of cytoplasm than lymphocyte) Challenge, try to find reticulocyte Ground Substance between cells and fibers Acts as lubricants for cells and fibers and barrier for invaders. Glycosaminoglycans Proteoglycans Multi-adhesive glycoprotein Matrix metalloproteinase (type of proteinase) How to find ells in connective tissue histology Macrophage (from bone marrow, circulates as monocyte, becomes macrophage in tissue. bean-shaped nucleus) Mast cell (large cell, has granules containing histamine and heparin) in microscope Plasma cell (arise from B-Lymphocytes) Cartwheel nucleus, how to find it in histology slide. Light center of nucleus and dark in edges White Adipocyte: Lipid droplet in cytoplasm. Energy storage (Lipid storage). Nucleus at side, cytoplasm at sides. Adipocyte subcutaneous tissue. Primary fat we have in the body. Brown Adipocyte: Fat we have when we are born, no brown fat as adults. They look brown in a microscope because they have more mitochondria in the cytoplasm. Challenge at the end of the video!