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"Gita Chapter 13 - Day 01/07" Talk in English by Swami Aparajitananda, Chinmaya Mission Mangaluru.

Hari Om! This discourse by Swami Aparajitananda is the crystal clear exposition of difficult, but marvellous Chapter 13 which contains fundamentals of Vedanta, essence of Gītā and how Mahāvākya on Jīva-Brahma-aikya-vicāra is possible. Swamiji discusses theme-wise (Tat Tvam Asi) partition of 18 Chapters of Gītā and contents of each Chapter in brief. Verse 1: An important question is asked by Arjuna to know SIX TECHNICAL TERMS, the explanation of which is the content of this Chapter. Swamiji gives example of Prakarana Granth like Tattva-bodha by Shankaracharya in this context. Verse 2: Definitions of Kshetra and Kshetrajña are stated by Lord. Shankaracharya's three logical explanations about why body is called Kshetra, are discussed. It is resolved that the farmer is Jīvātmā. About Kshetrajña, human experience is that Jīvātmā knows body (Statement 1). Verse 3: But Lord refutes Statement 1 and declares that He is Kshetrajña in all bodies (Statement 2). Swamiji elaborates: to know real Knower in me as God, is real Knowledge. All else is ignorance. The question: "Where to search real Knower?" is explained by Swamiji in three steps. Statement 1 + Statement 2 = Statement 3 in essence. Jīvātmā = Paramātmā. The explanation of the statement by Lord is the content of rest of the verses. Verse 4: Swamiji simplifies theme of Lord Krishna's topic of explanation, viz. KSHETRA. What is Kshetra? What is its nature? What are its modifications? What is sequence of stages of evolution? What comes from what and after what (Cause - effect)? सः (Kshetrajña) and His Glory. Verse 5: Lord reveals source of His Knowledge as beginningless and sung with joy by Rishis differently in different ways and mantras and forms; and expounded through various Vivekas. Adjectives of "Gītam" (song) are explained in detail. Eg. Brahmasūtra-padam written by Veda Vyāsa. Padam defined by Shankarāchārya is discussed in depth. (Bhagavad Gītā Chp. 13 - Talk 1 of 7 - Verses 1 to 5)