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One Shot class 12 organic chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | NCERT chemistry | NEET & JEE 2025

#organicreactionmechanism #chemistry DR. AHIS MATHURI CLASSES Monohaloalkanes Primary alkyl halide Secondary alkyl halide Tertiary alkyl halide What is Primary alkyl halide Example of Primary alkyl halide Ethyl chloride What is Secondary alkyl halide? What is Tertiary alkyl halide? Polyhaloalkanes A. Dihaloalkanes B. Trihaloalkanes C. Tetrahaloalkanes and so on Dihaloalkanes 1. Geminal dihalide or Gem. dihalides 2. Vicinal dihalide Classification of monohalocompounds 1. Compounds containing sp3 C–X bond 2. Compounds containing sp2 C–X bond 3. Compounds containing sp C–X bond Allylic halides Benzylic halides Vinyl halides Aryl halides Total no.of possible isomers of alkyl halide = 2n–2, where n = no. of carbon atoms NATURE OF CARBON - HALOGEN BONDS Bond Polarity Bond strength Bond length PREPARATIONS OF ALKYL HALIDE With PCl3, PCl5 and SOCl2 Best method for preparation of alkyl chlorides Methods of preparation of Haloalkanes from Hydrocarbons 1. Halogenation of alkanes 2. Halogenation of alkenes 3. Halogenation of alkynes MARKOWNIKOFF’S RULE and ANTI MARKOWNIKOFF’S RULE PEROXIDE EFFECT Methods of preparation of Haloalkanes By Halogen exchange 1. Finkelstein reaction 2. Swarts reaction Methods of preparation of Haloarenes 1. Halogenation of Benzene by electrophilic substitution reaction Sandmeyer’s reaction 2. Halogenation of Benzene Gattermann reaction 3. From Benzene diazonium halide PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HALOALKANES Physical Properties of Haloarenes Polyhalogen Compounds 1. Dichloromethane or Methylene dichloride 2. Trichloromethane or Chloroform 3. Triiodomethane or Iodoform 4. Tetrachloromethane or Carbon tetrachloride 5. Freon or Chloro fluorocarbon 6. p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane or DDT Chemical properties of Haloalkanes 1. alpha Elimination reaction Saytzeff’s rule 2. Reaction with metals A. Wurtz reaction with Na metal B. Preparation of Grignard’s reagent with Mg FORMATION OF GRIGNARD’S REAGENT 3. Nucleophilic substitution reactions A. with aq. KOH/NaOH B. with moist silver Oxide or Ag2O C. with NH3 or Hoffmann’s Ammonolysis D. with sodium alkoxide or R—ONa E. with alc. KCN F. with alc. AgCN G. with silver salt of carboxylic acid i.e. with silver carboxylate RCOO — Ag Preparation of Ester REACTIVITY OF ALKYL HALIDE TOWARDS NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION or SN Explain SN2 mechanism or Explain the mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of methyl bromide or Bromomethane. SN2 reaction is one step reaction because breaking fission of C–Br bond and formation of C–OH bond takes place simultaneously and the product is formed with 100% inversion of configuration due to backside attack of nucleophile OH– The energy profile diagram for alkaline hydrolysis of methyl bromide which follows SN2 mechanism SN1 mechanism OR Explain the mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of tert–butyl bromide or 2–Bromo–2–methylpropane. SN1 Substitution nucleophilic first order SN1 is favoured in polar solvents SN1 involves carbonium ion mechanism SN1 involves 50% inversion and 50% retention Rate of reaction for SN2 reaction, depends upon molar concentration of CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HALOARENES or Nucleophilic substitution reaction and its mechanism The nature of C – X bond in haloarenes Chemical properties of Haloarenes 1. Nucleophilic substitution reaction and its mechanism. 2. Electrophilic substitution reactions 3. Reaction with metals. Nucleophilic substitution reaction of haloarene and its mechanism. With Dow’s Process With substituted Haloarenes CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HALOARENES with Electrophilic substitution reaction a) Friedel – Craft’s reaction b) Sulphonation or SO3 is substituted c) Nitration or NO2+ is substituted d) Halogenation or X+ is substituted CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HALOARENES by WURTZ REACTION Fitting reaction Wurtz fitting reaction #haloalkanes_and_haloarenes Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Class 12 #1| Chapter 10 || CBSE NEET JEE one shot class 12 organic chemistry class 12 organic chemistry one shot for boards class 12 organic chemistry one shot neet class 12 organic chemistry one shot jee class 12 organic chemistry one shot class 12 organic chemistry one shot in hindi class 12 organic chemistry one shot neb class 12 organic chemistry one shot cuet class 12 organic chemistry one shot revision class 12 organic chemistry one shot neet 2024 class 12 organic chemistry one shot ncert class 12 organic chemistry one shot jee mains class 12 organic chemistry one shot for boards 2024 class 12 organic chemistry haloalkanes and haloarenes class 12 organic chemistry haloalkanes and haloarenes class 12 organic chemistry haloalkanes and haloarenes one shot class 12 organic chemistry haloalkanes and haloarenes ncert solutions class 12 organic chemistry haloalkanes and haloarenes in bengali class 12 organic chemistry haloalkanes and haloarenes in hindi haloalkanes and haloarenes class 12 haloalkanes and haloarenes class 12 one shot haloalkens and heloarens neet 2025