Скачать с ютуб The Rise and Fall of Malacca Fortress | Porta de Santiago | в хорошем качестве

The Rise and Fall of Malacca Fortress | Porta de Santiago |

A’Famosa, which means ‘The Famous’ in Portuguese is one of the oldest surviving European architectures in Asia. The only remnant that history has spared of this once mighty fortress is the tiny gate called the Porta de Santiago. Since Malay Sultanate days, there was always fortification in the area where Sultan resided. The fortification was located at the foot of a low hill. At present day, this is the hill where St Paul’s church is situated. This painting was believed to have been painted by Portuguese spies prior to their colony expansion to Asia region. The painting indicated prominent features that illustrate Malay Sultanate empire and Malacca city, which included Melaka Palace, Melaka Grand Mosque, magnificent houses, and administrative buildings. In April 1511, Alfonso de Albuquerque set sail from Goa to Malacca with a force of some 1200 men and 17 or 18 ships. They conquered the city on 24 August 1511. Soon after the conquest, Alfonso de Albuquerque built a fortress to defend Malacca, named Fortaleza de Malacca (Fortress of Malacca). This is the painting of Malacca city at around 1512, after being conquered by Portugese. The fortress had 4 walls and rectangle shape. The fortress consisted of four major towers, one of the towers was of four-storey. It was the tallest building in the region. There are several Portuguese records stating that Fortress of Malacca was built in a short period of time. It took about four months from September 1511 till January 1512 to complete. The short timeline was considered outrageous even with large source of labor force. Hence, it is believed, Fortress of Malacca was built on top of Malay Sultanate fortification. As Malacca’s population expanded, extensions were added to original fort around 1586. By 1604, Portuguese has expanded the fortress to include Govenor’s residence, administration buildings, hospitals, churches and so on. The fortress was expanded from rectangle into pentagon-like shape. When Dutch captured Malacca in 1641, they maintained the main layout of the fort but renamed the eight bastions and added new bulwark called Middelburgh. There were six small towers armed with cannons. A moat was constructed in 1674 to join up the river to the sea, thus making the fort an island. In 1650, the Dutch built the Stadthuys which means city hall in Dutch, as the administrative office of the state of Malacca. In 1670, the Dutch renovated the gate which explains the logo “ANNO 1670” inscribed on the gate’s arch. In 1795, Dutch Malacca fell to British. In early 1807, British gave William Farquhar the green light to commence demolition of Fortress of Malacca. Stamford Raffles, who was on sick leave in Malacca at that time, witnessed the destruction and represented to the Governor General the disadvantages of such a policy. Raffles saved what remained today’s A’Famosa. Only the gate - Porta De Santiago on the west of the fortress remained. This is a map of Dutch Malacca in 1780 superimposed on modern Malacca. There is no moat, presumably filled in during British occupation, and land reclamations have pushed the sea far from where the walls once stood. Sources: 1. Existence of Melaka Malay (Fort) City Based on First Painting of A’Famosa by The Portuguese by KamarulAfiziKosman & Noor AisyahMokhtar (October 2019) 2. 3D Modelling of the A Famosa Fortress in Melaka, Malaysia by M.Izani, A.Bridges, P.Grant, A.Razak & A.Rafi (November 2010) 3. https://www.malaysia-traveller.com/fo... 4. https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sund... 5. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/educa... 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosa 7. https://pbase.com/bmcmorrow/image/831... 8. https://imgur.com/r/malaysia/gYrWY