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non celiac gluten sensitivity

(NCGS, gluten sensitivity, gluten intolerance) A condition characterized by intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing foods in the absence of celiac disease and wheat allergy. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Besides gluten, other components in wheat, rye, barley, and their derivatives, including amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), may cause the symptoms. Treatment is to take gluten-free, low ATI, and low FODMAP diet. Oats are gluten-free. However, oats are often contaminated with gluten because they may be processed in the same facilities as gluten-containing grains. (Intestinal symptoms) • Similar to those of irritable bowel syndrome: Abdominal pain, bloating, either diarrhea or constipation, nausea, aerophagia, flatulence, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and aphthous stomatitis. • Similar to those of celiac disease: Abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, foggy mind, lethargy or fatigue. Ingestion of gluten causes the symptom and elimination from the diet improves it. These people do not experience the damage to the villi of the small intestine caused by celiac disease (autoimmune disease). Bloating and belly pain attacks short-term, unlike celiac disease, which affects long-term. • Not distinguishable from those of wheat allergy: Wheat allergy is an allergic reaction to foods containing wheat. The onset intervals are different. (Comparison in onset intervals) • Wheat allergy: From minutes to hours after wheat ingestion and can lead to anaphylaxis. • Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: Hours to a few days after gluten ingestion. • Celiac disease: Days to weeks after gluten ingestion. (Extra-intestinal symptoms) • Headache, fatigue, fibromyalgia, joint and muscle pain, leg or arm numbness, tingling of the extremities, dermatitis, atopic disorders (e.g. asthma, rhinitis), depression, anxiety, iron-deficiency anemia, folate deficiency, or autoimmune diseases. • Neurological and psychiatric disorders: Ataxia (gluten ataxia), schizophrenia, epilepsy, peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, vascular dementia, eating disorders, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hallucinations (gluten psychosis), and various movement disorders (e.g. restless legs syndrome, chorea, parkinsonism, dystonia, dyskinesia). 'Gluten allergy' is a misleading term.