Скачать с ютуб 1919-33: The Weimar Constitution | GCSE History Revision | Weimar & Nazi Germany в хорошем качестве

1919-33: The Weimar Constitution | GCSE History Revision | Weimar & Nazi Germany

It's 1919, a new constitution has just been agreed in Germany by 262 votes to 75. But what is the constitution? How does it work? What are its strengths and weaknesses? #GCSEHistory #GCSERevision #WeimarGermany **---Useful resources---** Quizlet Flashcards: https://quizlet.com/_6x92em Practice exam-style questions: // I'll find some at some point but it's the summer hols rn, so u shouldn't be doing practice questions, plz go outside, see some friends and have some fun LINK FOR OTHER QUESTIONS (INCLUDING SOURCE & INTERPRETATIONS QUESTIONS): https://quizlet.com/_6cqa3d Revision Notes: The Weimar Constitution: The electorate consisted of all men & women aged over 21 The electorate voted in the President (every 7 yrs), Reichstag (every 4 yrs) and Reichsrat (every 4 yrs) The president had no part in day-to-day politics, however had some political powers The president chose the Chancellor The Chancellor was head of the Government and chose all government ministers The Cabinet was made of the most important ministers - they were the most important decision-making body of the government The Parliament was made up of two houses: the Reichstag and Reichsrat The Reichstag was the more powerful of the two houses - they were directly elected in by the people The Reichsrat represented the regions of Germany - each region sent a certain number of representatives, dependant upon its size Parliament: Made up of 2 houses: Reichstag & Reichsrat Normally, all laws had to pass through both houses Reichstag: The more powerful of the 2 houses Controlled taxation Directly elected by the people at least once every 4 yrs Reichsrat: Elected every 4yrs Represents the regions of Germany Strengths of the constitution: It was democratic: Men & women were both allowed to vote and the voting age was reduced from 25 to 21 The Reichstag was elected using proportional representation - 1 representative for every 60 000 votes This made it more democratic than both Germany under the Kaiser and Britain at the time Checks and balances: It was carefully constructed so no one person or group could have too much power The chancellor could only pass laws in normal circumstances if the Reichstag & Reichsrat voted for them The Reichsrat, though the least powerful of the two houses, could still delay any new laws passed by the Reichstag - unless the Reichstag overruled it by a 2/3rds majority Central Government had more power than it did under the Kaiser Local government retained some of its power, with each of the 18 regions of Germany keeping some of their own independence Weaknesses of the Constitution: Coalition Government: Proportional representation caused many smaller parties to gain seats There were 29 parties in total during the 1920s in the Reichstag PR often caused no majority governments, so coalitions had to be formed regularly Compromise often occurred, creating a lack of clear, strong policies Coalitions frequently fell apart There were 9 coalition governments between 1919 and 1923 Weakness in a crisis: Coalitions made it hard to give swift, clear decisions in a crisis Article 48 allowed the chancellor to bypass the Reichstag and pass laws straight through the president in times of crisis By around 1930, the chancellor was regularly relying on article 48, bypassing the democratic rules of the constitution This made the constitution seem weak & encouraged people to think a single, all-powerful leader was better than an elected parliament Based on division and violence: Even though it gave full power to the electorate, there was a sense that the Weimar Republic was not really the choice of the people During the German revolution, the government had used force, relying on the army to subdue riots in Berlin Several parties elected to the Reichstag (e.g. the Nationalists) were opposed to democracy & openly despised the new constitution The Weimar Republic was created out of violence, without real public enthusiasm It was considered flawed by moderates and opposed by extremists FOR FULL NOTES FOLLOW LINK: https://quizlet.com/_59lgnv IMAGE ATTRIBUTIONS: Thumbnail - “Das Reichtagsgebäude - The Reichstag building - Berlin” by Jens Cederskjold, licensed under CC BY 3.0 Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Author's Page: https://web.archive.org/web/201610142... Alterations have been made to this photo - the colour balance has been adjusted and it has been blurred. **---Social Media---** Twitter:   / alongtimeago_yt   || @alongtimeago_YT   / alonglongtimeago   || @alonglongtimeago   / alongtimeagoyt