Скачать с ютуб How to calculate the number of ATP molecules produced during beta oxidation (Odd chain) в хорошем качестве

How to calculate the number of ATP molecules produced during beta oxidation (Odd chain)

✔ https://Biology-Forums.com ✔ Ask questions here: https://Biology-Forums.com/index.php?... ▶ Facebook:   / studyforceps   ▶ Instagram:   / studyforceonline   ▶ Twitter:   / studyforceps   How much ATP is formed when a 17-carbon molecule undergoes beta-oxidation? What to do: STEP 1: Start by letting n = number of carbons. The number of rounds in the β-oxidation and the number of acetyl-CoA molecules produced can be found using: • (n/2) – 1.5 Additionally, 1 propionyl-CoA (3-carbon Acetyl-CoA) is produced in the last round. Based on a yield of 3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2 that are oxidized in the respiratory chain: • Multiply the number of rounds by 3, then multiply by 2: take its sum. • Multiply the number of acetyl-CoA by 12 ATP / acetyl-CoA (since each Acetyl CoA yields 12 ATP when oxidized in the Krebs Cycle) • Subtract now two ATP (–2 ATP) consumed in the initial activation of the fatty acid STEP 2: What happens with this propionyl-CoA? The propionyl-CoA must undergo a carboxylation in a sequence of reactions requiring Biotin and Vitamin B12. These reactions produce succinyl-CoA at a cost of 1 ATP (consider it as –1 ATP). The conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA is an anaplerotic reaction (chemical reactions that form intermediates of another metabolic pathway) because the molecule of succinyl-CoA continues in the Krebs Cycle generating oxalacetate in the following sequence of reactions: • Succinyl CoA + GDP + (P) → Succinate + CoA + GTP (equivalent to 1 ATP) • Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH2 (Generates 2 ATP in the Respiratory Chain) • Fumarate + H2O → Malate • Malate + NAD+ → Oxalacetate + NADH (Generates 3 ATP in the Respiratory Chain) This suggests that the incorporation of the succinyl-CoA originated from the propionyl-CoA has generated 6 additional ATPs.