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Mussels in the Upper Midwest: An Archaeologist’s Perspective

Dr. James L. Theler, MVAC Senior Research Associate and Professor Emeritus, UWL Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, shares his wealth of knowledge on the fascinating biology of freshwater mussels and their dynamic relationship with people in the Upper Midwest, from Indigenous uses of mussels for food, tools, and clay temper to the historic pearl button industry and more recent threats from human activity. Here's what the video covers, and some links for further information: Timecodes 00:00 00:04 – Introduction 01:10 – Freshwater Mussel Biology 04:59 – Archaeology and Indigenous Uses of Mussels 07:40 – Identification 10:07 – Historic Industry and Human Impacts 15:11 – Restrictions on Collection Today 16:32 – Resources Related MVAC webpages: -Crowfoot Hooks for the Harvest of Freshwater Mussels: https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/educators/... -Faunal Analysis: https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/process-of... -Mussels: https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/educators/... -Oneota Ceramics (shell temper): https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/educators/... -Pearl Buttons: https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/past-cultu... -Shell – Worked: https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/past-cultu... -Shell Scoop: https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/past-cultu... Related MVAC videos: -Bison Scapula Hoes by Dr. James Theler - MVAC Lab – Professor Emeritus James Theler talks about how Indigenous peoples made and used hoes from bison shoulder blades:    • Bison Scapula Hoes by Dr. James Thele...   -Bone Tools – Dr. Theler explains how Indigenous peoples in the La Crosse area worked the bones of different animals into tools, ornaments, and musical instruments:    • Bone Tools   Regional freshwater mussel guides: -Mayer, Christine A., and Kevin S. Cummings 1992 Field Guide to Freshwater Mussels of the Midwest. Manual 5. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign. -Sietman, Bernard E. 2003 Field Guide to Freshwater Mussels of Minnesota. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul. -Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 2003 Freshwater Mussels of the Upper Mississippi River. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. Journal paper on western Wisconsin freshwater mussel use by Woodland and Oneota peoples: -Theler, James L., and Matthew G. Hill 2019 Late Holocene Shellfish Exploitation in the Upper Mississippi River Valley Quaternary International 530-531:146-156. DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.04.011. Available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science.... Best book on freshwater mussels: -Haag, Wendell R. 2012 North American Freshwater Mussels: Natural History, Ecology, and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Image Credits -Coker, Robert E. 1921 Bar and crowfoot outfit for taking mussels, consisting of john boat, two bars with crowfoot hooks, and the 'mule' (Lying on stern of boat). Freshwater and Marine Image Bank, University of Washington Libraries. Electronic document, https://digitalcollections.lib.washin..., accessed June 20, 2023. Originally published as Plate XXVII-1 in Fresh-water Mussels and Mussel Industries of the United States. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries Vol. 36, 1917-1918. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. -Ecosystems Mission Area, USGS, image by Teresa J. Newton 2016 Young Freshwater Mussels as seen Through a Microscope. Electronic document, https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/you..., accessed May 1, 2023. -Environmental Health Program, USGS, image by Doug Hardesty 2013 Larval Mussels. Electronic document, https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/lar..., accessed May 1, 2023. -Hagerty, Ryan, USFWS 2017 Plain Pocketbook Mussel Displaying Lure, Fish Mimic with Eye Spot. Electronic document, https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/..., accessed May 1, 2023. -Raver, Duane, USFWS 2016 Skipjack Herring, Fish, Alosa chrysochloris. Electronic document, http://www.public-domain-image.com/pu..., accessed June 27, 2023.