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Mechanisms with Mechanical Advantage

0:00 Pulley The mechanical advantage of a pulley system depends on the number of rope segments supporting the load. A single fixed pulley only changes the direction of the force, while a system of multiple pulleys, known as a block and tackle, distributes the load over multiple segments of rope, reducing the force needed to lift the load. 0:15 Gears The mechanical advantage in gears is determined by the ratio of the number of teeth between the driving (input) gear and the driven (output) gear. A large gear driving a smaller gear increases speed but decreases torque, while a smaller gear driving a larger one decreases speed but increases torque. 0:35 Wedge mechanism The mechanical advantage of a wedge is the ratio of the length of its slope to its thickness. A longer, thinner wedge requires less force to drive into a material but moves it a greater distance. 0:50 Lever The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the lengths of the arms on either side of the fulcrum. Moving the fulcrum closer to the load increases the mechanical advantage, allowing a small input force to lift a larger load. 1:05 Lead Screw The mechanical advantage of a lead screw is determined by the ratio of the screw's pitch (the distance between threads) to the circumference of the screw's rotation. A finer pitch increases the mechanical advantage, allowing precise, powerful linear movement with minimal rotational input. 1:20 Jackscrew The mechanical advantage of a jackscrew is similar to that of a lead screw but is typically higher due to the design's intention to lift very heavy loads. The finer the screw thread and the longer the handle, the greater the mechanical advantage, enabling a person to lift a heavy object with minimal effort. 1:35 Wheel The mechanical advantage of a wheel lies in its ability to reduce friction between the object and the surface it's moving over. By rolling rather than sliding, the force needed to move the object is greatly reduced. The larger the wheel, the less resistance there is, making it easier to move the object.