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How do you read Evolutionary Trees?

Did a doctor spitefully infect his ex-girlfriend with HIV? This video describes the first time an Evolutionary Tree* was used in a criminal court in America. Learn how to interpret the relatedness of organisms on any Evolutionary Tree... and find out whether the doctor actually did it. *Also sometimes called a Phylogenetic Tree. 0:00 Introduction 0:29 Example of using evolutionary tree in court case 1:14 Trees depict organismal relationships 2:29 How to read evolutionary trees 3:17 Count the steps? 4:00 See which organisms are closest to each other? 5:20 Compare the Most Recent Common Ancestors? 6:37 Example of using evolutionary tree in court case conclusions The paper behind this video: M. L. Metzker, et al., Molecular evidence of HIV-1 transmission in a criminal case. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, 14292–14297 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222522599 Scientific Consulting by Cynthia Darnell Cartoon Illustrations by Michelle Lotker Images: Elephant by Muhammad Mahdi Karim GFDL 1.2 Lion by Rufus46 CC BY-SA 3.0 Eagle by Vtornet CC BY-SA 3.0 Squid by Hans Hillewaert CC BY-SA 4.0 HIV micrograph by CDC/Dr. Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. / Public domain T rex by Zissoudisctrucker CC BY-SA 4.0 Tiger by Lotse CC BY-SA 3.0 Polar Bear by Alan Wilson CC BY-SA 3.0 Grizzly Bear by Dwayne Reilander CC BY-SA 4.0 Flamingo by Charles J Sharp CC BY-SA 3.0 Snail by CJ Samson / Public domain SARS-CoV-2 by NIAID-RML CC BY-SA 2.0 Follow me!   / youtoobio   Want YouTooBio in your Inbox? Monthly Newsletters with new videos and teaching tips for the Biology classroom! Sign up here: https://mailchi.mp/72e662aad0b8/newsl...