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Real-Time EEG Analysis And Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

In this video we summarize a recent study by our lab on brain oscillation phase-dependent responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Wischnewski et al., 2022 (Preprint, BioRxiv). Abstract: Neural oscillations in the primary motor cortex (M1) shape corticospinal excitability. Power and phase of ongoing mu (8-13 Hz) and beta (14-30 Hz) activity may mediate motor cortical output. However, the functional dynamics of both mu and beta phase and power relationships and their interaction, are largely unknown. Here, we employ recently developed real-time targeting of the mu and beta rhythm, to apply phase-specific brain stimulation and probe motor corticospinal excitability non-invasively. For this, we used instantaneous read-out and analysis of ongoing oscillations, targeting four different phases (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) of mu and beta rhythms with suprathreshold single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to M1. Ensuing motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the right first dorsal interossei muscle were recorded. Twenty healthy adults took part in this double-blind randomized crossover study. Mixed model regression analyses showed significant phase-dependent modulation of corticospinal output by both mu and beta rhythm. Strikingly, these modulations exhibit a double dissociation. MEPs are larger at the mu trough and rising phase and smaller at the peak and falling phase. For the beta rhythm we found the opposite behavior. Also, mu power, but not beta power, was positively correlated with corticospinal output. Power and phase effects did not interact for either rhythm, suggesting independence between these aspects of oscillations. Our results provide insights into real-time motor cortical oscillation dynamics, which offers the opportunity to improve the effectiveness of TMS by specifically targeting different frequency bands. Reference: Wischnewski, M., Haigh, Z.J., Shirinpour, S., Alekseichuk, I., Opitz, A. The phase of sensorimotor mu and beta oscillations has the opposite effect on corticospinal excitability. Preprint on BioRxiv, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.22.48... USE OF STOCK IMAGES AND VIDEOS Occasionally we make use of stock images and videos (pixabay.com or pexels.com). We use these to make our videos more lively (better than looking at a blank screen). These stock videos should not be taken as an exact scientific reflection of the discussed content. In some cases they are not fully accurate. We try to have a high viewing pleasure, while at the same time create as little confusion as possible. Thus we aim to only use them when it is clear that they are not directly related to the discussed content. CHANNEL GOALS The Psyched! channel focuses on providing education about psychology and neuroscience. Here you learn all about human behavior, the mind and the brain. It is our goal to reach everyone, from people who are casually interested to academic researchers. As such we provide simple explanation videos as well as profound lectures. If you like our content, consider to subscribe! SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS Instagram:   / real.psyched   Twitter:   / mileswischnews1   Website: www.mileswischnewski.com