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The video lecture 2 from the Sindh Textbook Board's Chemistry for XI, Chapter 1: Stoichiometry, focuses on the **Concept of the Mole**. The instructor begins by explaining the mole as a fundamental unit in chemistry, representing a specific quantity of particles, molecules, or atoms, equal to **6.022 x 10²³**. This number is called **Avogadro's number**, and it helps chemists count atoms and molecules in a standardized way. The lecture provides examples to clarify the concept: 1. **Moles of Atoms**: The video explains how 1 mole of carbon atoms equals 6.022 x 10²³ atoms of carbon. This principle is extended to other elements, showing how moles can simplify the counting of atoms in reactions. 2. **Moles of Molecules**: The concept is applied to molecular compounds. For example, 1 mole of H₂O consists of 6.022 x 10²³ water molecules. This allows chemists to understand the quantities involved in chemical reactions on a macroscopic scale. 3. *Converting Grams to Moles**: The video demonstrates how to calculate the number of moles from a given mass using the **molar mass* (the mass of 1 mole of a substance in grams). Examples include converting grams of a substance (like NaCl) into moles, showing the practical applications of the concept in labs. The instructor emphasizes how this concept is foundational for balancing chemical equations, determining reaction stoichiometry, and solving complex chemical problems. **Hashtags**: #Stoichiometry #MoleConcept #AvogadroNumber #ChemistryLecture #SindhTextbook #ChemistryXI #MolarMass #ChemicalReactions #ScienceEducation #ChemistryExamples