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COLREGS Rule 13 - OVERTAKING | COLLISION REGULATIONS | MERCHANT NAVY KNOWLEDGE

RULE 13 Overtaking (a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken. (b) Avessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights. Steering and sailing rules 67 (c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly. (d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear. COMMENT: Paragraph (a) of this Rule was amended in 1981, the words ‘of this section’ in the first line being replaced by the words ‘of Part B Sections I and II’. The amendment was made to make it clear that a vessel proceeding along a narrow channel or traffic lane is expected to keep out of the way of any vessel she is overtaking, including a sailing vessel, a small power-driven vessel and a vessel engaged in fishing. Rule 13 takes precedence over Rules 12 and 18 so that a sailing vessel overtaking another sailing vessel must keep out of the way, irrespective of wind direction, and a vessel from any of the categories listed in Rule 18 must keep out of the way of any vessel which she is overtaking. Under the 1960 Regulations there was some doubt as to whether a vessel not under command or a vessel which is now considered to be ‘restricted in her ability to manœuvre’ was required to keep clear of a vessel which she was overtaking. A vessel which is overtaking another vessel will usually have little difficulty in keeping out of the way, by either helm action or engine action, as there is unlikely to be a high speed of approach. A hampered vessel which is unable to make a substantial alteration of course will normally be able to avoid collision by reducing her speed. Prime responsibility for keeping out of the way is allocated to the overtaking vessel in every case as that vessel must be proceeding at greater speed and is more likely to sight the vessel being overtaken at an early stage. Subsequent alterations of bearing Every vessel overtaking any other is obliged to keep clear of the overtaken vessel. This Rule applies even to cases in which the bearing is changing appreciably. If a vessel coming up relatively close to another vessel from any direction more than 22.5 abaft her starboard beam, draws ahead, and then subsequently turns to port to come on to a crossing course, she is not relieved of the duty of keeping clear. However, if she is a considerable distance away from the overtaken vessel so that there is no risk of collision when she passes her the Rules would not apply at that time, and the other vessel would be obliged to keep clear in a subsequent crossing situation bringing risk of collision between the same two vessels. In the upper diagram the overtaking vessel is shown to be at a relatively close distance when she first comes to within 22.5 abaft the beam of the other vessel. The overtaking vessel has the obligation to keep out of the way until she is finally past and clear. The lower diagram shows the faster vessel initially approaching from more than 22.5 abaft the beam of the other at a relatively large distance (over 5 miles) so that, although the vessels are likely to be in sight of one another, risk of collision could hardly be considered to apply as they are on parallel courses. In this case the slower vessel will be required to keep out of the way if the faster vessel turns on to a converging course which brings risk of collision. In doubtful cases the faster vessel should assume the obligation to keep out of the way if it becomes necessary to turn onto a crossing course and risk of collision is found to exist. Overtaking in narrow channels and traffic lanes Rule 13 overrides other Rules in Sections I and II but does not give small vessels, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing the right to impede the passage of any vessel overtaking them when they are within a narrow channel or following a traffic lane. Small power-driven vessels and sailing vessels should keep clear of the deeper part of a narrow channel on the approach of any vessel which may be unable to navigate outside the channel. Vessels engaged in fishing must not impede the passage of any vessel navigating within a narrow channel or following a traffic lane.