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Introduction to Metabolomics

This is the first module in the 2016 Informatics and Statistics for Metabolomics workshop hosted by the Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops. This lecture is by David Wishart from University of Alberta (https://tmicwishartnode.ca/). How it Begins by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-... Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Table of Contents: 00:10 - 00:34 - Learning Objectives 01:57 - Schedule 02:15 - The Pyramid of Life 08:07 - What is Metabolomics? 08:47 - What is a Metabolite? 10:58 - What is a Metabolome? 12:27 - Different Metabolomes 14:48 - Human Metabolomes (2015) 17:27 - Theoretical Human Metabolomes 19:06 - Why is Metabolomics Important? 19:17 - Small Molecules Count… 23:53 - Metabolites Are the Canaries of the Genome 24:20 - Metabolomics is More Time Sensitive Than Other “Omics” 25:51 - Metabolism is “Understood” 26:16 - The Metabolome is Connected to all other “Omes” 27:04 - The Metabolome is Connected to All Other “Omes” 28:04 - Metabolomics Enables Systems Biology 28:37 - Metabolomics Applications 29:08 - Metabolomics Methods 29:45 - Metabolomics Workflow 35:03 - Comparing “Omics” Coverage 36:11 - Why Metabolomics is Difficult 37:08 - Metabolomics Technologies 38:10 - Chromatography 38:15 - Chromatography 39:18 - High Pressure (Performance) Liquid Chromatography - HPLC 39:58 - HPLC Modalities 40:56 - HPLC Columns 41:30 - Reverse Phase Column 42:32 - HPLC Separation Efficiency 43:08 - HPLC Schematic 43:49 - Gradient HPLC Schematic 44:27 - HPLC of a Biological Mixture 45:16 - Gas Chromatography 45:42 - Gas Chromatography 46:27 - TMS Derivatization 48:12 - Gas Chromatography 48:43 - GC-Columns 49:12 - Retention Time/Index 51:15 - Compound Identification and Quantification 52:03 - GC-MS Chromatogram of a Biological Mixture 52:23 - Mass Spectrometry 52:44 - Typical Mass Spectrometer 52:51 - MS Principles 53:18 - Mass Spectrometry 53:42 - Different Types of MS 54:12 - Masses in MS 55:14 - Isotopic Distributions 56:13 - Isotopic Distributions 56:52 - Mass Spec Principles 57:15 - Typical Mass Spectrum 57:42 - Typical Mass Spectrum 58:08 - Typical Mass Spectrum 58:35 - Typical Mass Spectrum 58:43 - Resolution & Resolving Power 59:00 - Resolution in MS 59:44 - Resolution in MS 01:00:21 - Resolution/Resolving Power 01:01:08 - Mass Spectrometer Schematic 01:01:53 - Different Ionization Methods 01:03:56 - Electron Impact Ionization Source 01:04:43 - Electron Impact Ionization 01:05:14 - EI Fragmentation of CH3OH 01:05:43 - Electron Impact MS of CH3OH 01:06:11 - Soft Ionization Methods 01:06:39 - Electrospray (Detail) 01:07:18 - Electrospray (Detail) 01:08:14 - Electrospray Ionization 01:08:38 - Electrospray Ionization 01:08:55 - Electrospray Ionization 01:09:27 - Mass Spectrometer Schematic 01:10:27 - Different Types of Mass Analyzers 01:11:54 - MS Mass Accuracy 01:12:47 - Mass Chromatograms 01:13:43 - Mass Chromatograms of Biological Mixtures 01:14:13 - NMR Spectroscopy 01:15:10 - Explaining NMR 01:15:55 - Principles of NMR 01:17:04 - Protons (and other nucleons) Have Spin 01:17:46 - Each Spinning Proton is Like a “Mini-Magnet” 01:17:58 - Principles of NMR 01:19:23 - Bigger Magnets are Better 01:19:59 - A Modern NMR Instrument 01:20:37 - NMR Magnet 01:21:28 - NMR Magnet Cross-Section 01:22:23 - An NMR Probe 01:22:59 - NMR Sample & Probe Coil 01:23:12 - 1H NMR Spectra Exhibit... 01:24:30 - Chemical Shifts 01:24:51 - Characteristic Chemical Shifts 01:25:10 - Assigning Simple NMR Spectra 01:25:58 - Assigning Simple NMR Spectra 01:26:15 - NMR Spectra Need “Fixin’” 01:26:53 - NMR Spectra Need “Fixin’” 01:27:18 - NMR Spectrum of a Biological Mixture 01:27:47 - Technology & Sensitivity 01:30:00 - Comparison 01:30:21 - Comparison 01:31:04 - What’s Possible 01:31:45 - 2 Routes to Metabolomics 01:32:11 - Profiling (Untargeted) 01:32:59 - Quantitative (Targeted) 01:35:59 - From Spectra to Lists 01:36:15 - From Lists to Pathways 01:36:31 - From Pathways & Lists to Models & Biomarkers 01:36:45 - Key Informatics Challenges in Metabolomics 01:36:59 -