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Revisiting the genetic histories of our past | Dr. Niraj Rai |

Reconstructions of the past effective population size strongly suggest that South Asia has been populated almost since the Early Upper Palaeolithic. One of the probable explanations of this pattern relates to the fact that South Asia was among the first geographic regions to be peopled by modern humans after their African exodus. Today, various ethnic groups of South Asia comprise tribes, castes, & populations identifying themselves by different religions, being largely endogamous & hence revealing complex, multilayer genetic differentiation. From such a complex structure, several questions have stood out from our & other research groups analyses that could not be addressed a few years ago but can be now using the latest technology & resolution. The novelty of the approaches rely largely, though not solely, on extensive high-coverage sequencing of specifically targeted modern & ancient samples, autosomal SNP genotyping of specific populations, extensive Y chromosome resequencing of selected population groups (Tribal & caste populations from different geographical area) & statistical analysis of the results in the context of human genomic variation worldwide. Speaker: Niraj Rai (NR) is a molecular biologist by training and specialized in ancient DNA analysis and generating next-generation sequencing data to study genetic histories of the human population. He is an expert researcher in retrieving and analysing ancient DNA from the challenging arid and tropical environments of South and South East Asia. He founded and runs the only successful aDNA lab in India, and has a rapidly expanding portfolio of research into the history, diversity and evolution of ancient and modern Indian populations, as well as work on animal and pathogen genetics. Niraj is closely working with Anthropologists and Archaeologists of South and South East Asia and established collaboration with over 40 institutions across the Indian sub-continent. He has catalogued and collected archaeological samples that exist in collections from all over the country. His recent findings on ancient DNA published in Science, Cell & Nature Communications was shared and discussed heavily on international scientific forum. His paper, as a corresponding author entitled- “An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers,” published in 2019 Picked up heavily by Archaeologists and Biological Anthropologists. His research article published in nature communication in 2019 entitled- “Ancient DNA from the skeletons of Roopkund lake reveals Mediterranean migrants in India” solved the genetic identity of human skeletons from a mysterious high-altitude Himalayan Lake. His co-authored research article in journal Science (2019) entitled- “The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia” was one of the milestone papers on Central and South Asian ancestry. His another first authored paper in Scientific Reports published in 2020 entitled- “Ancient mtDNA from the extinct Indian Cheetah supports unexpectedly deep divergence from African cheetahs” has enormous implication in conservation and reintroduction of extinct Cheetah species in India. Topics covered: 0:00 Intro 1:03 Evolution of modern humans 5:26 Study on Genetic diversity of India 22:00 Gene flow and other studies 42:00 Concluding Remarks Q&A 46:40 Genetic evidence for emmigration from India? 50:45 Migration out of India was bi-directional or uni-directional? 52:50 Dr Premendra Priyadarshi's genetic studies about mice & cattle 56:00 How can similarity of population prove the migration? 59:05 On one of Dr Niraj Rai's papers on the Yamnya homeland 1:00:56 Orissa's history and genetic studies 1:06:47 Indus cline ancestry in the deep south? 1:08:25 Future publications of Dr Niraj Rai? Join our newsletter for getting updates on upcoming lectures: https://www.sangamtalks.com/subscribe Join our YouTube video channel for learning about new video releases: Hindi :    / sangamhindi   English :    / sangamtalks   Tamil :    / @sangamtamizh   Punjabi :    / @sangampunjabi   Bhojpuri :    / @sangamtalksbhojpuri   Marathi :    / @sangammarathi   Malayalam :    / @sangammalayalam   Shorts :    / @sangamtalkstv   Bangla :    / @sangambangla   For updates you may follow us on: Facebook :   / sangamtalks   Instagram :   / sangamtalks   Telegram : https://t.me/sangamtalks Twitter :   / sangamtalks   Koo : https://www.kooapp.com/profile/sangam... Website : https://www.sangamtalks.org Donate : https://www.sangamtalks.org/donate