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Gainsborough Old Hall, Lincolnshire

Gainsborough Old Hall in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire is one of the best preserved medieval manor houses in England. The hall was built by Sir Thomas Burgh in 1460. Gainsborough Old Hall was not only their home, but also a demonstration of their wealth and importance. Burgh was a benefactor to Newark Church and also the founder of the Chantry and Alms House at Gainsborough. In 1484 Thomas entertained King Richard III in his hall. In 1510, Thomas Burgh's son, Edward Burgh, 2nd Baron Burgh, was incarcerated at the Old Hall after being declared a lunatic, never having attended the House of Lords. He died in 1528, leaving his eldest son Sir Thomas as head of the family. He was regarded as 1st Baron Burgh, de jure 3rd. In 1529, Thomas' son and heir, Edward, married Catherine Parr, later Queen consort to King Henry VIII. The couple stayed at Gainsborough Old Hall until 1530, when they were granted their own manor in Kirton-in-Lindsey. Henry VIII visited Gainsborough twice: once in 1509, and again in 1541 with his fifth wife, Queen Catherine Howard. The Queen was accused of indiscretions both at Gainsborough and Lincoln, and she was later executed. Catherine Parr, by this time widowed twice (Edward Burgh having died in 1533), became Henry's sixth wife. When Thomas, the fifth Lord Burgh, died without an heir, the Hall was sold in 1596 to William Hickman, a merchant from London, who made many improvements, especially to the east wing. The Hickman family continued to play a prominent role in the development of Gainsborough, and many became local members of Parliament. Sir Neville Hickman invited John Wesley to preach in the Great Hall several times in 1759, and in 1761 and 1764. In 1720 a new house was built at Thonock on the edge of the town and the Old Hall became unoccupied. It remained in the family and was used for a variety of purposes. Architecturally, the Old Hall has changed very little over the years. It is principally a timber framed building, giving a characteristic 'striped' or 'black and white' appearance. On the north-east corner is a brick tower. A splendid view of the town is available after a fifty-nine-step climb to the top. Today, the Hall with its elaborate timber roof survives, with a kitchen which is possibly the most complete medieval kitchen in England. The kitchen still contains many original features, including two open fireplaces, each large enough to roast an ox, and two bread ovens served by a third chimney. The house is now owned by English Heritage and is open to the public as a museum.