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Thymus and T cells: improving immunity and stopping autoimmunity in theory

Your immune system is a complicated interconnected system with multiple cell types, tissues and mechanisms. To ensure it works as needed there are multiple checks and balances in place. One major set of cells are the t cells. These are responsible for our adaptive immunity. That immunity to different pathogens with a specialised response. That makes it much more capable of responding to pathogens and other threats than otherwise. The challenge is how does the human body prevent T cells from going rogue and attacking your own body? That si how does your body prevent auto immune disease? The answer is the thymus. A seemingly innocuous organ but one that is very important. The thymus is responsible for the final step in maturing t cells. That step does 2 things. The first is to select T cells that are more adapted tot he target. The second is to select t c ells that do not react to your self. This is a very important balancing act. One that both makes T cells better at at their job while protecting the body from T cells. The process of going from naive T cells to to fully matured T cells is complicated. More so than just whether or not T cells are selected for specificity and auto immunity. To get that specificity T cells need a sample of the thing that si being targeted. This is an antigen. That sample is presented by professional antigen presenting cells. This is what gives the t cells specificity. They literally get selected for being chosen based on an antigen. That antigen may have overlap with your own body where antigens on your own cells are similar. This creates that risk of autoimmunity. To prevent that the same cells that line the thymus present self antigens. That is a test and if the T cells react they fail. These T cells get removed. This keeps the T cell population in check. The need is important as T cells under go an explosive proliferation in population that if not handled well could end spectacularly badly. Relevant links: Wiki: Thymus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymus#... Wiki: t cell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell#...