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Why Do Conifers Rule the North?

This time of year, many people are bringing conifers into their homes to decorate. For many of us, they symbolize the winter season. But it’s easy to take these trees for granted—where do these pine, spruce, fir, and their relatives come from? Why do they dominate the frozen fringes of the far north in Siberia and Canada, as well as high mountains? How do they endure a winter colder than any other tree can? Video sources: Daniel Davis (self) Image sources: Wikipedia commons Information Sources: Fog Collection on Plant Surfaces and Biomimetic Applications. Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department, University of Bonn. MD Abul Kalam Azad, January 2016. T. E. Dawson (September 1998). "Fog in the California redwood forest: ecosystem inputs and use by plants". Oecologia. 117 (4): 476–485. Stewart T. Schultz (1990). The Northwest Coast: A Natural History. Portland, Oregon, Timber Press. Waring, RH, and JF Franklin. (1979). Evergreen coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Science 204: 1380-1386. Waring, RH, (1982) Land of the giant conifers. Natural History 91(10):54-63. Analysis of Freeze-Thaw Embolism in Conifers. The Interaction between Cavitation Pressure and Tracheid Size Jarmila Pittermann and John S. Sperry Elegance versus Speed: Examining the Competition between Conifer and Angiosperm Trees Timothy J. Brodribb, Jarmila Pittermann, and David A. Coomes “Although unambiguous Pinaceae are not known before the Late Jurassic, fossils of putative stem members of the family appear during the Triassic and possibly as early as the Late Permian” Ovulate Cones of Schizolepidopsis ediae sp. nov. Provide Insights into the Evolution of Pinaceae Kelly K. S. Matsunaga, Patrick S. Herendeen, Fabiany Herrera, Niiden Ichinnorov, Peter R. Crane, and Gongle Shi Fertile Coniferophyte Remains from the Late Triassic Deep River Basin, North Carolina. T. Delevoryas and R. C. Hope. American Journal of Botany Early evolution in the Pinaceae. Charles N. Miller Jr. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. Pollination Biology, Leslie Real, December 2012. Simonin KA, Roddy AB (January 2018). "Genome downsizing, physiological novelty, and the global dominance of flowering plants". PLOS Biology