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Energy Flow in Ecosystems –

#energy #ngscience.com #ecosystems Learn the roles that different organisms play in relation to the energy flow in ecosystem. Be sure to visit ngscience.com for a range on related interactive and printable content. Producers to Decomposers The organisms in an ecosystem get the energy they need in different ways. Some make food through photosynthesis. Some eat other organisms. Others break down the remains of dead plants and animals. Organisms within an ecosystem can be classified by how they obtain the energy they need to carry out life processes. An organism that makes food through photosynthesis is called a producer. In most land ecosystems, plants are the main producers. In aquatic ecosystems, microscopic algae called phytoplankton are the main producers. Plants and phytoplankton use light energy from the Sun, carbon dioxide and water to produce food in the form of sugar and oxygen. They obtain the energy they need from the sugar that is produced. An organism that gets energy by eating other organisms is called a consumer. All animals are consumers. They get the energy they need by feeding on other organisms in the ecosystem. Animals that eat plants are herbivores. They are primary consumers. They obtain their energy from the plant matter they eat. Food Chains Animals get the energy they need by eating other organisms. The energy from food is used for body repair, growth, movement and to maintain body warmth. The energy released from food was once energy from the Sun that was captured by plants during photosynthesis. A food chain is a simple and often graphical model that shows how energy and nutrients flow through an ecosystem. Arrows are used to show the direction of energy flow. Producers are at the bottom of the food chain, followed by primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Decomposers play a continual role in recycling nutrients in the ecosystem. By following the energy path in a food chain, from producers to primary and secondary consumers and decomposers, we can see that most of the energy in an ecosystem can be traced back to the light energy from the Sun. Food Webs A food chain shows how energy moves from one organism to another. However, in an ecosystem, consumers get the energy they need by eating more than one type of organism. Consumers are also eaten by more than one type of consumer. So, in an ecosystem, there are many interconnected food chains. A food web is a model used to show these interconnected food chains. It shows the many paths energy can take as it flows from one level to the next.