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Techniques - Direct and Indirect Reduction

Shown are direct and indirect reduction techniques. With the direct technique, the fracture is exposed, the reduction instruments remain visible when inserted into or near the fracture zone, and the result of the reduction can be examined visually. With the indirect reduction technique, the fracture is not exposed, and reduction is usually achieved by longitudinal traction, sometimes using reduction instruments inserted through the skin. The result of the reduction is then checked by x-ray, arthroscopy or computer. The choice of technique depends on the location and fragmentation of the fracture, and the degree of damage to the soft tissues.