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NABARD | Lecture 4 | Eco & Soc. Issues (with focus on Rural India)

Topic Name Syllabus Detail Agriculture Definition, Meaning and its Branches Agronomy: Definition, Meaning, and Scope of Agronomy Classification of Field Crops Factors Affecting Crop Production Argo Climatic Zones Types of Cropping Systems and their Definitions Problems faced if land is dry - Seed Production & Processing, and Seed Village Meteorology: Weather Parameters, Crop-Weather Advisory Precision Farming System of Crop Intensification Organic Farming Soil and Water Conservation Major Soil Types Soil Fertility Fertilisers Soil Erosion Soil Conservation Watershed Management Water Resource Irrigation Management Types of Irrigation Sources of Irrigation Crop-Water Requirement Command Area Development Water Conservation Techniques Micro-Irrigation Irrigation Pumps Major, Medium and Minor Irrigation Agri and Farm Engineering Power and Machinery related to Farms Power Sources on the farm - animal, human, electrical, mechanical, wind, biomass and solar, biofuels Water Harvesting Structures Farm Ponds Agro Processing Modified & controlled storage, storage of perishable foods, bins, godowns, and grain silos. Horticulture & Plantation Meaning, Definition, and its Branches Production Technology and Agronomic practices with respect to various horticulture and plantation crops. Value and supply chain management of Horticulture & Plantation crops, Post-harvest management of the same. Animal Husbandry Farm animals and their role in the Indian economy. Animal husbandry methods in India. Commonly used terminologies pertaining to the different species of livestock. Utility classification of breeds of cattle. Introduction to common fodders and feeds, their utility and classification. Introduction to the industry of poultry in India. Common terms pertaining to poultry production and management. Socio-Economic implications of mixed farming on the farmer in India and the concept of mixed farming. Livestock and Poultry production and their obligatory and complementary relationship with that of agricultural farming. Fisheries Fisheries Resources Exploitation and management – marine water, freshwater, and brackish water. Aquaculture- Inland and Marine Biotechnology Post-Harvest Technology Importance of fisheries in India. Common terms pertaining to fish production. Forestry Basic concepts of Forest and Forestry Management, mensuration, and Economics regarding Forests, and the Principles of silviculture. Concepts of agroforestry, social forestry, joint forest management. Legislation and Policies regarding forests in India, 2015 Report on the State of forests in India. Ministry of Forest, Environment, and Climate change Ministry of Forest, Environment, and Climate Change and Recent developments under them. Agriculture Extensions Its role and importance, evaluations methods of extension programmes. KVK’s (Krishi Vigyan Kendra) role in the dissemination of technologies based on Agriculture. Ecology and Climate Change Ecology and how it is relevant to man, sustainable management and conservation of natural resources. Climate change and its causes, GHGs (Green House Gases), countries emitting high amounts of GHGs, and climate analysis. Distinguish between adaptation and mitigation. Climate change and its impact on rural livelihoods and agriculture. Carbon credit IPCC, UNFCCC, CoP meetings Funding mechanisms for climate change projects Indian government initiatives like SAPCC, NAPCC, INDC. Present Scenario of agriculture and allied activities in India Trends of recent times Major challenges in agriculture measures to enhance. Viability of agriculture Factors of Production in agriculture Agricultural Finance and Marketing Globalisation and its impacts on Indian Agriculture and the issue of food security. Concept and Types of Farm Management. Rural Development Concept of Rural Area Structure of the Indian Rural Economy. Rural sector of India and its importance and role. Social, Demographic, and Economic characteristics of the rural economy of India. Causes of Rural Backwardness. Rural population in India Occupational structure Agricultural Laborers, Handicrafts, Tribes/Forest dwellers, Farmers, Artisans, Traders and others in the rural parts of India. Changing trends in rural workforce and rural population in India. Problems and conditions of rural labour Issues and challenges in Hand-looms. Panchayati Raj Institutions – Functions and Working. NRLM, MGNREGA – Drinking Water Programmes in Rural India, Aajeevika, Swachh Bharat, Housing in Rural Area, PURA, and other programs related to rural development. As mentioned earlier, the syllabus of ARD is exactly the same in Phase 1 & Phase 2, only the difficulty level varies.