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Dark Energy, Supernovae and the Ultimate Fate of the Universe

Join this channel to get access to perks:    / @jasonkendallastronomer   The discovery of Dark Energy in 1998 by two teams helped us learn what will happen at the end of the Universe. It was the work of the Supernova Cosmology Project and High-Z Supernova Search Team whose competing studies of the deceleration parameter using Type Ia supernova gave us a glimpse of the ultimate fate of the universe. Their discovery of Dark Energy, the cosmic negative pressure that’s pushing the universe apart was confirmed by NASA’s WMAP and ESA’s Planck Microwave Satellites. The data is now completely in, and the results and implications are astonishing. Dark energy may, in fact, be Phantom Energy, which will cause a Big Rip as the universe accelerates exponentially in its expansion. There could also be a grand heat death of the cosmos where it just gets larger and darker and colder for all time. Supplement the videos with OpenStax Astronomy https://openstax.org/books/astronomy/... 29: The Big Bang https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deceler... Deceleration parameter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Ia... Type Ia supernova http://www-supernova.lbl.gov Supernova Cosmology Project https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova... High-Z Supernova Search Team http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Spa... Planck Microwave Satellite https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics... Dark Energy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_en... Dark Energy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom... Phantom Energy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimat... Ultimate fate of the universe https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_de... Heat death of the universe https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Rip The Big Rip https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic... Graphical timeline from Big Bang to Heat Death https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.06209.pdf Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatio...) Equation of state (cosmology) 0:00 Introduction 0:36 General Relativity and the Cosmos 1:24 The Fate of the Universe depends on its contents. 4:08 Matter-Dominated Toy Universes 4:44 How the Scale Factor varies with Time 5:19 Redshift Measures the Change in Size 7:18 Approximating the Change of the Scale Factor 11:02 Deceleration Parameter Defined 14:04 Acceleration Equation for the Cosmic Expansion 21:40 What is the matter density of the Universe? 25:08 1990's Cosmology: Expansion Forever? 26:22 So how does one actually measure the Deceleration? 30:57 Doing the Great Deed With Standard Candles 36:07 All type la Supernovae are the Same(ish) 39:15 Extragalactic Distance Modulus using Redshift 41:04 Distant Type la Supernovae 44:07 What about a Cosmological Constant Ag? 48:36 Find their home galaxy's redshift 49:52 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics 52:06 What is Dark Energy? 54:27 The Accelerating Universe 56:28 The Future of the Universe 57:21 End of Star Formation 58:27 End of Life Support 58:59 Solar System "Evaporation"