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Ray McVay - Theme From ''2001'' (Also sprach Zarathustra - Richard Strauss)

From '' The Ray McVay Road Show '' Label: Philips – 6308.207 / 6308 207 Format: Vinyl, LP, Album Country: UK Released: 1974 Tracklist A1 Theme From ''2001'' A2 The Peanut Vendor A3 Theme From ''Shaft'' A4 Ma! He's Making Eyes At Me A5 Little Brown Jug A6 Spanish Eyes A7 Oh Babe B1 Popcorn B2 Everybody Get Ready B3 E Viva Espaρa B4 Kalinka B5 I Don't Know How To Love Him B6 Ave Maria B7 Michael Row The Boat Ashore B8 Matrimony ------------------------ Also sprach Zarathustra, Op. 30 (Thus Spoke Zarathustra or Thus Spake Zarathustra) is a tone poem by Richard Strauss, composed in 1896 and inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical treatise of the same name. The composer conducted its first performance on 27 November 1896 in Frankfurt. A typical performance lasts half an hour. The work has been part of the classical repertoire since its first performance in 1896. The initial fanfare -- entitled "Sunrise" in the composer's program notes -- became particularly well known to the general public due to its use in Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey, and as the theme music of the Apollo program. The fanfare has also been used in many other productions. Instrumentation The orchestra consists of the following: woodwinds: piccolo, 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 3 oboes, English horn, 3 clarinets in E-flat and B-flat, bass clarinet in B-flat, 3 bassoons, contrabassoon brass: 6 horns in F, 4 trumpets in C, 3 trombones, 2 tubas percussion: timpani (2 players), bass drum, cymbals, triangle, glockenspiel, bell on low E keyboard: organ strings: 2 harps, violins i, ii (16 each), violas (12), cellos (12), double basses (8) (several with low C string). Structure The piece is divided into nine sections played with only three definite pauses. Strauss named the sections after selected chapters of the book: Einleitung, oder Sonnenaufgang (Introduction, or Sunrise) Von den Hinterweltlern (Of Those in Backwaters) Von der großen Sehnsucht (Of the Great Longing) Von den Freuden und Leidenschaften (Of Joys and Passions) Das Grablied (The Song of the Grave) Von der Wissenschaft (Of Science and Learning) Der Genesende (The Convalescent) Das Tanzlied (The Dance Song) Nachtwandlerlied (Song of the Night Wanderer) The piece starts with a sustained double low C on the double basses, contrabassoon and organ. This transforms into the brass fanfare of the Introduction and introduces the "dawn" motif (from "Zarathustra's Prologue", the text of which is included in the printed score) that is common throughout the work: the motif includes three notes, in intervals of a fifth and octave, as C--G--C (known also as the Nature-motif). On its first appearance, the motif is a part of the first five notes of the natural overtone series: octave, octave and fifth, two octaves, two octaves and major third (played as part of a C major chord with the third doubled). The major third is immediately changed to a minor third, which is the first note played in the work (E flat) that is not part of the overtone series. "Of Those in Backwaters" (or "Of the Forest Dwellers") begins with cellos, double-basses and organ pedal before changing into a lyrical passage for the entire section. The next two sections, "Of the Great Yearning" and "Of Joys and Passions", both introduce motifs that are more chromatic in nature. "Of Science" features an unusual fugue beginning in the double-basses and cellos, which consists of all twelve notes of the chromatic scale. It is one of the very few sections in the orchestral literature where the basses must play a contra-b (lowest b on a piano). "The Convalescent" acts as a reprise of the original motif, and climaxes with a massive chord in the entire orchestra. "The Dance Song" features a very prominent violin solo throughout the section. The end of the "Song of the Night Wanderer" leaves the piece half resolved, with high flutes, piccolos and violins playing a B major chord, while the lower strings pluck a C. One of the major compositional themes of the piece is the contrast between the keys of B major, representing humanity, and C major, representing the universe. Because B and C are adjacent notes, these keys are tonally dissimilar: B major uses five sharps, while C major has none. Recordings In 1944, Strauss conducted the Vienna Philharmonic in an experimental high fidelity recording of the piece, made on a German Magnetophon tape recorder. Strauss's friend and colleague, Fritz Reiner, made the first stereophonic recording of the music with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in March 1954 for RCA Victor. In 2012, this album was added to the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry list of "culturally, historically, or aesthetically important" American sound recordings. The recording of the opening fanfare used for 2001: A Space Odyssey was a 1959 Decca Records session with Herbert von Karajan and the Vienna Philharmonic. #easylistening