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breech presentation

A fetus in a longitudinal lie with the buttocks or feet closest to the cervix. It is associated with prematurity, uterine malformations or fibroids, polyhydramnios, placenta previa, fetal abnormalities (e.g. CNS malformations, neck masses, aneuploidy), and multiple gestations. This occurs in 3-4% of all deliveries. The percentage decreases with advancing gestational age. Fetal abnormalities are observed in 9% of term breech deliveries, and higher in preterm breech deliveries. Perinatal mortality is increased 2-4 times, regardless of the mode of delivery. They are most often associated with malformations, prematurity, and intrauterine fetal demise. (Types) • Frank breech: Hips flexed, knees extended (pike position). (50-70%) • Footling or incomplete breech: One or both hips extended, foot presenting. (10-30%) • Complete breech: Hips flexed, knees flexed (cannonball position). (5-10%)