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Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is an important cause of death during long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) and is the most important indication for isolated small bowel or small bowel/liver transplant. There are currently no medical treatments that have demonstrated effectiveness or that have been approved by the FDA. It is important to understand that nutrients ingested by mouth go through a somewhat different pathway to metabolism than those infused intravenously and, as such, metabolism may be different. Choline is found in most foods but is not considered “essential” in most individuals because the liver can synthesize it. However, that pathway appears disrupted when the precursors the liver uses to make choline are infused intravenously. Dr. Buchman discusses choline, its importance, how choline deficiency develops during long-term PN, and how preliminary data on IV replacement of choline may reverse IFALD.