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Ecuador Peru War

Wars in the Western Hemisphere -    • Western Hemisphere   Website: https://20thcenturywars.com More Information: Wars of the 20th Century Series on Amazon Volume 1 - https://www.amazon.com/dp/1499738722 Volume 2 - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00M9LDW5S Volume 3 - https://www.amazon.com/dp/1500916927 Volume 4 - https://www.amazon.com/dp/1515034607 ECUADORIAN--PERUVIAN WAR The Ecuadorian–Peruvian War was a South American border war fought between 5–31 July 1941. It was the first of three military conflicts between Ecuador and Peru during the 20th century. During the war, Peru occupied the western Ecuadorian province of El Oro and parts of the Andean province of Loja. Although the war took place during World War II, it is unrelated to that conflict, as neither country was supported by either the Allies or the Axis. A ceasefire agreement between the two countries came into effect on 31 July 1941. Both countries signed the Rio Protocol on 29 January 1942, and Peruvian forces subsequently withdrew. The enmity over the territorial dispute continued after 1942 and concluded following the Cenepa War of 1995 and the signing of the Brasilia Presidential Act agreement in October 1998. ECUADORIAN--PERUVIAN WAR - TIMELINE 1817 - Gran Colombia gains its independence from Spain 1821 – Peru gains its independence from Spain; Gran Colombia and Peru share an imprecise frontier in Maynas, Jaen, and Tumbes which dates back to the colonial era 1828 - Gran Colombia and Peru go to war, which ends inconclusively, with the two sides agreeing to maintain the territorial status quo 1830 - Gran Colombia is dissolved and subsequently replaced by three new nations: Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador; some or all of the imprecisely defined territories are inherited by Colombia and Ecuador, who each now have a disputed border between them and also with Peru; a number of negotiations to resolve the border dispute fail to reach a resolution 1857 - Ecuador tries to sell a portion of disputed Maynas in the Amazon, but which is stopped by Peru through the use of force 1800s to early 1900s – Through immigration, Peruvians gain control of Tumbes and Jaen, and much of Maynas 1934 - Following a short war, Peru and Colombia establish definitive border, which Ecuador does not recognize, as it still has a claim over Tumbes, Jaen, and Maynas, which Colombia now recognize as falling under Peruvian sovereignty 1936 - Ecuador and Peru sign the Lima Accord, where both agree to respect each other’s settled areas (but not necessarily sovereignty over them) within the disputed territories, this agreement establishing the “1936 status quo border line” Late 1930s - Tensions rise between Ecuador and Peru, leading to armed clashes July 5, 1942 - Full-scale war between Ecuador and Peru breaks out, with the much stronger Peruvian forces advancing into Ecuador’s El Oro and Loja provinces and also into Ecuadorian-held Amazonian region July 31, 1941 – The United States, Brazil, and Argentina successfully broker a ceasefire August-September 1941 - Some fighting continue in Peruvian-occupied El Oro and Loja as well as in Maynas October 2, 1941 – With further diplomatic efforts by the mediator nations, Peru and Ecuador sign Talara Accord, where a demilitarized zone is established January 29, 1942 - Peru and Ecuador sign the Rio Protocol, which officially ends the war and is also intended to delineate a definitive border between the two nations; subsequently, aerial surveys detect a discrepancy in the Condor-Cenepa region, and attempts to resolve the disparity fail 1960 - Ecuador withdraws from the demarcation panel, stating that that the Rio Protocol is impossible to implement and further, that in the 1942 war, Ecuador had been forced under duress to sign the Protocol since Peruvian troops were occupying Ecuadorian territory October 1998 – Following a long period of tensions, threats of wars, and failed attempts at resolution that culminate in two major armed clashes, Ecuador and Peru sign a peace treaty and border agreement that establishes a definitive border between them