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RNA Transcription (making RNA from the DNA strands)

RNA transcription is a fundamental biological process that occurs in the cells of all living organisms. It is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is used to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule. RNA transcription plays a crucial role in gene expression, as it allows the transfer of genetic instructions from DNA to RNA. • During RNA transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA known as the promoter. The RNA polymerase then unwinds and separates the DNA double helix, exposing a template strand. Using the template strand as a guide, the RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule by adding nucleotides one by one. The nucleotides in the RNA molecule are complementary to the DNA template strand, following the base pairing rules (A with U, T with A, G with C, and C with G). • The process continues until a termination signal is reached, causing the RNA polymerase to detach from the DNA template strand and release the newly synthesized RNA molecule.