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light refraction in a glass air surface, varying incidence angle

Notice that in the first refraction (from air to glass) light does not change direction (normal incidence). Light propagating in glass reaches a plane surface separating glass from air. A fraction of light reflects back and the remaining fraction refracts to air. As the incident angle goes up more and more light reflects until the critical angle is reached. For angles of incidence greater than the critical angle all the light reatching the surface reflects (total internal reflection. The angles of incidence, of reflection and of refraction can be obtained by simple inspection from the intersection of the incident, reflected and refracted rays with the graduated circle.