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Drainage basin hydrological cycle

KEY TERMS: Drainage basin- The area that is drained by a river and its tributaries. Watershed- The boundary between two separate basins. Precipitation- All the ways moisture comes out of the atmosphere (usually rain). Confluence- Where two tributaries meet. Channel flow- The flow of water within the river channel. Surface runoff- (overland flow) the flow of water over the land. Infiltration- Water seeping from the surface into the soil. Throughflow- A horizontal movement of water through the soil driven by gravity from soil moisture storage to the river channel storage. Percolation- Water seeping deeper underground within the soil and rock to enter the groundwater storage. Interflow- Water flowing downhill through permeable rock above the water table. Groundwater flow- A very slow horizontal movement of water below the water table through permeable rock. Baseflow- The groundwater flow that feeds into rivers through its banks and beds. Throughfall- Precipitation falling through spaces in the vegetation canopy to the ground. Stemflow- Precipitation flowing slowly down the branches and stems of vegetation to the ground. Interception- Precipitation temporarily collected and stored by vegetation and or buildings in urban areas. Vegetation storage- Water taken up and stored by plants. Surface storage- Water stored on the surface of the land in puddles, lakes or man-made ditches and reservoirs. Groundwater storage- Water stored, long-term, deep underground in rocks or the joints and cracks of rocks. Channel storage- Water stored in the river channel as it moves through the drainage basin system. Evaporation- Water changing from liquid to gas due to energy from the sun. Transpiration- Water vapour leaving the stomata in the underside of plant leaves. Evapotranspiration- A combination of evaporation and transpiration. Water is lost from the drainage basin system to the atmosphere as water vapour.